Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity involves antibodies circulating in body fluids, while cell-mediated immunity involves direct cellular attack by T cells.

Question 2

A patient receives a vaccine containing inactivated viral proteins. Which immune response is primarily responsible for the long-term protection provided by this vaccine?

Accepted Answer

The production of memory B cells that rapidly produce antibodies upon re-exposure.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of antibodies in the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

Activating the classical complement pathway by binding to antigens.

Question 4

What is the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

They engulf antigens and display antigen fragments on their surface for recognition by lymphocytes.

Question 5

Which immunoglobulin isotype is most effective at agglutination due to its multiple binding sites?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 6

A patient with a genetic defect in MHC class I molecules would have the most difficulty with which immune function?

Accepted Answer

Activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to kill infected cells.

Question 7

Which process describes the rapid increase in the number of lymphocytes specific to an antigen after exposure?

Accepted Answer

Clonal expansion

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the secondary immune response is faster and stronger than the primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells generated during the primary response quickly recognize and respond to the antigen.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which antibodies help eliminate pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Direct phagocytosis of pathogens

Question 10

A patient is infected with a virus that hides inside host cells. Which immune response is most critical for eliminating these infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immunity involving cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T cells (CD4+) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They secrete cytokines that activate other immune cells, including B cells and macrophages.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the adaptive immune response upon re-exposure to an antigen?

Accepted Answer

Antigen recognition → Clonal expansion → Differentiation → Antigen elimination → Memory

Question 13

Which of the following statements about antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

APCs include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing infected host cells by releasing perforins and granzymes.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies bind to pathogens, marking them for enhanced phagocytosis by immune cells.

Question 16

A patient with a deficiency in helper T cells (CD4+) would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired activation of both B cells and cytotoxic T cells, leading to increased susceptibility to infections.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key feature of the adaptive immune system that distinguishes it from the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

It has immunologic memory, allowing for a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why complement activation is important in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

It enhances phagocytosis, promotes inflammation, and leads to the lysis of pathogens.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells binding to antibody-coated tumor cells and inducing apoptosis.

Specific Immune Response: Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard