Question 1

Which scientist's X-ray diffraction photo was crucial in helping Watson and Crick determine the double helix structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Question 2

What type of chemical bond holds the two strands of DNA together between complementary bases?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 3

During DNA replication, which enzyme relieves the strain caused by unwinding of the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 4

In eukaryotic cells, what is the function of the poly-A tail added to mRNA during RNA processing?

Accepted Answer

It protects the mRNA from degradation.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 6

A mutation that inserts a single nucleotide into the coding region of a gene is most likely to result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A frameshift mutation

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing a new DNA strand using an existing strand as a template during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 8

What is the correct sequence of events during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is redundant, meaning some amino acids are specified by more than one codon.

Question 10

A DNA template strand has the sequence 3'-TACGGTACG-5'. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUGCCAUGC-3'

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It helps ribosomes attach to the mRNA.

Question 12

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 13

What is the role of the spliceosome in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It removes introns from pre-mRNA.

Question 14

Which of the following mutations is least likely to affect the function of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A silent mutation

Question 15

During translation, which site on the ribosome does the tRNA carrying the next amino acid enter?

Accepted Answer

A site

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why a single base substitution may not always change the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is redundant.

Question 17

Which process is responsible for converting the genetic information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 18

What is the function of single-stranded binding proteins during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

They prevent separated DNA strands from reannealing.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the directionality of DNA and RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Both DNA and RNA are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 20

A nonsense mutation in a gene results in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A premature stop codon in the mRNA

Structure and Function of DNA: Study Notes for General Biology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica