$$6\ \text{CO}_2 + 6\ \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{light} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\ \text{O}_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To produce ATP and NADPH for use in the Calvin cycle

Question 2

A plant leaf is boiled in ethanol and then treated with Lugol’s iodine. What is the purpose of this experiment?

Accepted Answer

To determine where photosynthesis has occurred by detecting stored starch

Question 3

During the cell cycle, which checkpoint ensures that DNA has been completely replicated before mitosis begins?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Question 4

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the green coloration in plant leaves and is most effective at absorbing blue and red wavelengths?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 5

In the process of chromatography, which pigment would travel the least distance up the paper and why?

Accepted Answer

A pigment with high polarity due to more oxygen atoms

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ 	ext{CO}_2 + 6\ 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{light} ightarrow 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6\ 	ext{O}_2$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about mitosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 8

During metaphase of mitosis, what is the arrangement of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, with centromeres facing opposite poles

Question 9

Which phase of meiosis is responsible for increasing genetic diversity through crossing over?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 10

A human somatic cell has 46 chromosomes. After DNA replication but before cell division, how many chromatids are present?

Accepted Answer

92

Question 11

Which of the following best explains Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives only one allele for each gene

Question 12

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous plants (RrYy x RrYy), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 13

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that chromosomes are properly aligned before separation?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the products of meiosis in humans?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid cells are produced, each with 23 chromosomes

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, while cellular respiration releases energy from sugars

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are identical copies formed by DNA replication, while homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell cycle checkpoints?

Accepted Answer

Initiating DNA replication

Question 18

If a plant pigment absorbs strongly in the blue region of the spectrum but transmits green light, what color will the plant appear?

Accepted Answer

Green

Question 19

During which stage of mitosis do the spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the outcome of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic diversity by exchanging segments between homologous chromosomes

Study Guide: Photosynthesis, Cell Division (Mitosis & Meiosis), and Mendelian Genetics

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