Question 1

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated, resulting in two identical sister chromatids for each chromosome?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the role of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It attaches to kinetochores and separates sister chromatids to opposite poles.

Question 3

A cell is observed with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, each attached to spindle fibers from opposite poles. Which phase is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

If a drug prevents microtubules from depolymerizing, at which stage of mitosis would a dividing cell most likely stall?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 5

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is primarily responsible for ensuring that DNA is undamaged and fully replicated before mitosis begins?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Question 6

What is the function of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They phosphorylate target proteins only when bound to cyclins, regulating cell cycle progression.

Question 7

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 8

Which of the following events distinguishes anaphase from other stages of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are separated and move toward opposite poles.

Question 9

Cancer cells often exhibit which of the following characteristics related to the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They ignore cell cycle checkpoints and may divide indefinitely.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA is replicated precisely during S phase, and sister chromatids are equally distributed during mitosis.

Question 11

A researcher observes a cell with a visible nucleolus, duplicated centrosomes, and uncondensed chromatin. Which phase is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

G2 of interphase

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Prometaphase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Question 13

Which structure is responsible for holding sister chromatids together until anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Cohesin proteins

Question 14

A cell is exposed to a chemical that prevents the formation of the cleavage furrow. What process will be directly inhibited?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in human somatic cells after DNA replication but before mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$, but each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids$

Question 16

What is the primary function of the M checkpoint during the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

To verify that all chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers before anaphase

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the importance of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

A fertilized egg dividing to form a multicellular embryo

Question 18

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope fragment and spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores?

Accepted Answer

Prometaphase

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis as shown in the diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 20

A mutation causes a cell to skip the S phase of the cell cycle. What is the most likely consequence for the daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

They will have half the normal amount of DNA.

Ch 12 - The Cell Cycle (F26 Bernhardt)

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