Question 1

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the replication of DNA, resulting in the formation of sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 2

During mitosis, what is the primary function of the mitotic spindle?

Accepted Answer

To separate sister chromatids and move them to opposite poles

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for attaching to the centromere of chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore microtubules

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of events in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 → S → G2 → M

Question 5

How does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate

Question 6

Which checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 7

What is the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They regulate cell cycle progression by phosphorylating target proteins

Question 8

Which genetic change can convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene?

Accepted Answer

Point mutation, gene amplification, or translocation

Question 9

A mutation in the p53 tumor suppressor gene can lead to cancer because:

Accepted Answer

It prevents the cell from repairing DNA damage or undergoing apoptosis

Question 10

Which equation best represents the change in chromosome number during mitosis in a human somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow 2n$$

Question 11

In binary fission, which event occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Replication of the chromosome at the origin of replication

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of tumor-suppressor proteins?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating cell division

Question 13

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse cells with half the chromosome number

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of cohesin proteins during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They hold sister chromatids together until anaphase

Question 15

A cell that does not receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint will:

Accepted Answer

Enter G0 phase and stop dividing

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of cell division for tissue renewal?

Accepted Answer

Healing of a skin wound

Question 17

Which of the following statements about cancer cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells can divide indefinitely and may form tumors

Question 18

Which molecular complex triggers a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase?

Accepted Answer

Maturation-promoting factor (MPF)

Question 19

If a cell has 8 chromosomes at the start of mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the incidence of cancer increases with age?

Accepted Answer

Multiple mutations are required for full-fledged cancer, and these accumulate over time

The Cell Cycle and Molecular Biology of Cancer: Study Notes for General Biology

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