Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It organizes and separates chromosomes by attaching to kinetochores and pulling sister chromatids apart.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

What is the primary difference between cytokinesis in plant cells and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate.

Question 4

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is most critical for determining whether a cell will divide?

Accepted Answer

G1 checkpoint

Question 5

A mutation in which gene is most likely to result in uncontrolled cell division and cancer?

Accepted Answer

A gene encoding a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene?

Accepted Answer

A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that can become an oncogene through mutation.

Question 7

If a cell fails to pass the M checkpoint, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will not proceed to anaphase until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the p53 tumor suppressor protein?

Accepted Answer

Promoting cell division in response to growth factors

Question 9

Which process is most similar to mitosis in terms of chromosome segregation, but occurs in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 10

A cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 11

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cancer incidence increases with age?

Accepted Answer

Older cells have more time to accumulate multiple mutations required for cancer development.

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct result of the activity of the enzyme separase during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Cohesin proteins are cleaved, allowing sister chromatids to separate.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They phosphorylate target proteins to regulate cell cycle progression.

Question 15

A researcher observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, spindle fibers attached to kinetochores, and no nuclear envelope. Which phase is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 16

Which of the following mutations would most likely lead to the formation of a malignant tumor?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that inactivates a tumor suppressor gene

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of tumor suppressor proteins?

Accepted Answer

Repairing damaged DNA and inhibiting the cell cycle

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between chromatin, chromosomes, and chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes, and each duplicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and binary fission?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission does not involve the formation of a mitotic spindle.

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a chemical that prevents the breakdown of cyclin. What is the most likely effect on the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be unable to exit mitosis, leading to uncontrolled division.

The Cell Cycle and Molecular Biology of Cancer: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard