Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis maintains the chromosome number in daughter cells, while meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half.

Question 2

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 3

Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 4

What is the role of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It organizes the chromosomes and pulls sister chromatids apart to opposite poles.

Question 5

Which checkpoint is considered the most important for determining whether a cell will divide?

Accepted Answer

G1 checkpoint

Question 6

A mutation in the p53 gene is likely to result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of cell cycle inhibitors, leading to uncontrolled cell division

Question 7

Which of the following statements about cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cdks are active only when bound to cyclin.

Question 8

A cell is observed to have condensed chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, with spindle fibers attached to kinetochores. Which phase is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why chemotherapy often causes hair loss and slows tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy inhibits mitosis, affecting all rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles and tissue repair cells.

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct result of density-dependent inhibition in normal mammalian cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells stop dividing when they form a single layer and fill a gap.

Question 11

A cell with a defective Ras protein that is always active will most likely:

Accepted Answer

Divide uncontrollably, even without external growth signals.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of cytokinesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A cell plate forms from Golgi vesicles, creating a new cell wall between daughter cells.

Question 13

If a diploid strawberry species has $$2x = 14$$ chromosomes, how many chromosomes would you expect in a hexaploid strawberry species?

Accepted Answer

$$42$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes

Question 15

What is the immediate consequence if a cell fails to pass the M checkpoint during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase will be delayed until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell during G2 of interphase?

Accepted Answer

DNA has been replicated, but chromosomes are not yet condensed.

Question 17

A patient is found to have a third copy of chromosome 21. This condition is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Aneuploidy

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the G0 phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cells in G0 have exited the cell cycle and are not dividing.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a tumor suppressor gene mutation leading to increased cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

A mutation in the BRCA1 gene leading to increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the outcome of binary fission in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Two genetically identical daughter cells are produced.

The Cell Cycle: Mechanisms and Regulation

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