Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

A scientist discovers a cell with the following characteristics: circular DNA, a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, and no membrane-bound organelles. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 6

Which of the following organelles is most abundant in a cell that specializes in detoxifying harmful substances, such as a liver cell?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisomes

Question 7

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for moving chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 8

A protein destined to be embedded in the plasma membrane is first synthesized in which cellular location?

Accepted Answer

On ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 10

Which of the following statements about plant cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells contain a large central vacuole that stores water, enzymes, and waste products.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the lysosome in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It hydrolyzes macromolecules and recycles cellular components.

Question 12

Which of the following is pumped into the lysosome to increase its acidity?

Accepted Answer

H$$^+$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 14

Which of the following macromolecules is NOT a major component of all cells?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, but not all contain steroids.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, facilitates cell movement, and serves as tracks for intracellular transport.

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a large number of ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Producing and exporting large amounts of protein

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix in animal tissues?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support to tissues and organs

Question 18

Which cytoskeletal element is responsible for muscle contraction in animals and cytoplasmic streaming in plants?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 20

Which cytoskeletal protein fibers provide the tracks for vesicles to travel between endomembrane system organelles?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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