Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small rather than large?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a larger surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for secretion or membrane insertion.

Question 3

A scientist is using a microscope to observe the internal structure of mitochondria. Which type of microscope should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope, because it provides high resolution images of internal cell structures.

Question 4

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 5

What is the main function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

To digest macromolecules and recycle cellular components.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for carrying out photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 8

A mutation disrupts the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell shape and movement

Question 9

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

They lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 10

If a cell's lysosomes are not functioning properly, what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested waste products in the cell.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio for a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{6l^2$}{l^3$}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of harmful substances.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal tissues?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and helps cells adhere to one another.

Question 16

Which of the following organelles is most directly involved in the production of ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of intermediate filaments in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They provide mechanical support and help maintain cell shape.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have originated via endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of microtubules in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They provide tracks for organelle movement and are involved in cell division.

Tour Through the Cell: Structure and Function of Cell Components

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