Q: Given the DNA template strand $$3'\text{TAC GGC TTA CTG AAA GTT ATT}5'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

$$5'\text{AUG CCG AAU GAC UUU CAA UAA}3'$$

Q: A polypeptide is synthesized with the following amino acid sequence: Met-Ala-Asn-Asp-Phe-Gln. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence (use codon table)?

$$5'\text{AUG GCA AAU GAU UUU CAA}3'$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the direction in which the ribosome reads the mRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 2

A tRNA with the anticodon $$5'	ext{UAC}3'$$ will pair with which mRNA codon, and what amino acid will it carry?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{AUG}3'$$, Methionine

Question 3

Given the DNA template strand $$3'	ext{TAC GGC TTA CTG AAA GTT ATT}5'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{AUG CCG AAU GAC UUU CAA UAA}3'$$

Question 4

What is the function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase in translation?

Accepted Answer

It charges tRNA with the correct amino acid

Question 5

If the mRNA codon is $$5'	ext{GCA}3'$$, what is the anticodon on the tRNA and which amino acid will be attached?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{CGU}5'$$, Alanine

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

There are more codons than amino acids, making the code redundant

Question 7

During translation, which site on the ribosome does the incoming charged tRNA first bind?

Accepted Answer

A site

Question 8

A mutation changes the mRNA codon $$5'	ext{UAC}3' to$$ $$5'	ext{UAA}3'. $$What is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate at this codon

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why multiple ribosomes can translate a single mRNA molecule simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Multiple ribosomes can attach to the same mRNA, forming a polyribosome (polysome)

Question 10

If a protein is destined to be secreted from the cell, where does its translation begin and where does it finish?

Accepted Answer

Begins in the cytoplasm and finishes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing mRNA from DNA

Question 12

A polypeptide is synthesized with the following amino acid sequence: Met-Ala-Asn-Asp-Phe-Gln. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence (use codon table)?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{AUG GCA AAU GAU UUU CAA}3'$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the coding strand of DNA and the mRNA produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA is identical to the coding strand except T is replaced by U

Question 14

Which of the following statements about tRNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each tRNA has a specific anticodon that base pairs with a codon on mRNA

Question 15

A scientist mutates the gene for a release factor so it cannot bind to the stop codon. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The ribosome will stall at the stop codon and the polypeptide will not be released

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the directionality of polypeptide synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Polypeptides are synthesized from the N-terminus to the C-terminus

Question 17

A mutation in the mRNA changes a codon from $$5'	ext{GAA}3' to$$ $$5'	ext{GAG}3'. $$What is the effect on the protein sequence?

Accepted Answer

There is no change; both code for glutamic acid

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'redundant'?

Accepted Answer

Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon

Question 19

During translation elongation, what happens immediately after the peptide bond is formed between the amino acids in the P and A sites?

Accepted Answer

The ribosome shifts one codon to the right, moving the uncharged tRNA to the E site

Question 20

A patient has a genetic disorder that prevents the removal of the signal sequence from proteins synthesized on the rough ER. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Proteins may not be properly processed or targeted, leading to cellular dysfunction

Translation: Decoding mRNA into Protein

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