Question 1

Which of the following best describes the direction in which the ribosome reads the mRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 2

A tRNA with the anticodon 3' UAC 5' will pair with which mRNA codon, and what amino acid will it carry?

Accepted Answer

5' AUG 3', Methionine

Question 3

Given the mRNA sequence 5' AUG GGC UUU UGA 3', what is the resulting amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Met-Gly-Phe

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

There are more codons than amino acids, making the code redundant.

Question 5

What is the function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase in translation?

Accepted Answer

It charges tRNA with the correct amino acid.

Question 6

If the template DNA strand is 3' TAC GGA TTT 5', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

5' AUG CCU AAA 3'

Question 7

During translation, which site on the ribosome does the incoming charged tRNA first bind?

Accepted Answer

A site

Question 8

A mutation changes the codon UAU (tyrosine) to UAA. What is the likely effect on the protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate prematurely, resulting in a truncated protein.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why multiple ribosomes can translate a single mRNA molecule simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Multiple ribosomes (polyribosomes) can attach to the same mRNA and translate it at the same time.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing mRNA from DNA

Question 11

A tRNA has the anticodon 3' GAA 5'. Which amino acid will it carry, according to the mRNA codon table?

Accepted Answer

Phenylalanine (codon 5' UUC 3')

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of translation termination?

Accepted Answer

A release factor binds to the stop codon in the A site, releasing the polypeptide.

Question 13

If a protein is destined to be secreted from the cell, where does its translation begin and where does it finish?

Accepted Answer

Begins in the cytoplasm and finishes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the relationship between codons and amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Each amino acid is specified by one or more codons.

Question 15

A scientist mutates the gene for a tRNA synthetase so that it attaches the wrong amino acid to its tRNA. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The wrong amino acid will be incorporated into the protein at the codon recognized by that tRNA.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the start codon in translation?

Accepted Answer

It codes for the amino acid methionine and marks the beginning of translation.

Question 17

If the mRNA sequence is 5' CCG UAC GGA UAA 3', what is the sequence of amino acids produced?

Accepted Answer

Pro-Tyr-Gly

Question 18

Which of the following statements about tRNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each tRNA has a specific anticodon that base pairs with a complementary mRNA codon.

Question 19

A polypeptide is being synthesized with the following mRNA sequence: 5' AUG CCG GAA UGA 3'. Which of the following events will occur when the ribosome reaches the UGA codon?

Accepted Answer

A release factor will bind to the UGA codon, terminating translation.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'redundant' but not 'ambiguous'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can specify the same amino acid, but each codon specifies only one amino acid.

Translation: Decoding mRNA into Protein

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