Question 1

Which of the following best describes the direction in which the ribosome reads the mRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 2

A tRNA with the anticodon 3' UAC 5' will pair with which mRNA codon, and what amino acid will it carry?

Accepted Answer

5' AUG 3', Methionine

Question 3

Given the DNA template strand 3' TAC GGC TTA CTG AAA GTT ATT 5', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

5' AUG GCC AAU GAC UUU CAA UAA 3'

Question 4

What is the function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase in translation?

Accepted Answer

It attaches the correct amino acid to its tRNA.

Question 5

If the mRNA sequence is 5' AUG GUA CCG UAA 3', what is the resulting amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Met-Val-Pro

Question 6

Which of the following statements about codons is correct?

Accepted Answer

There are 64 possible codons and 20 amino acids, so the code is redundant.

Question 7

During translation elongation, what happens after the peptide bond is formed between the amino acids in the P and A sites?

Accepted Answer

The ribosome shifts one codon to the right, moving the uncharged tRNA to the E site.

Question 8

A mutation changes the codon 5' UAU 3' to 5' UAA 3'. What is the likely effect on the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate prematurely due to a stop codon.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why multiple ribosomes can translate a single mRNA molecule simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Multiple ribosomes (polysomes) can attach to the same mRNA and translate it at different positions.

Question 10

A tRNA has the anticodon 3' GAA 5'. Which mRNA codon will it recognize, and what amino acid will it carry according to the standard genetic code?

Accepted Answer

5' CUU 3', Leucine

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a component required for translation?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 12

If a protein is destined to be secreted from the cell, where does its translation begin and where does it finish?

Accepted Answer

Begins in the cytoplasm and finishes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the coding strand of DNA and the mRNA produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA is identical to the coding strand except that uracil replaces thymine.

Question 14

A patient has a mutation in the gene encoding the release factor. What is the most likely effect on translation?

Accepted Answer

Translation will not terminate properly at stop codons.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is universal, with few exceptions across organisms.

Question 16

If the mRNA sequence is 5' AUG CCG GAA UGA 3', what is the sequence of amino acids produced?

Accepted Answer

Met-Pro-Glu

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the A site in the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

It is where the next aminoacyl-tRNA enters and base pairs with the codon.

Question 18

A scientist mutates the start codon (AUG) of an mRNA to UUG. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Translation will not initiate properly, and the protein may not be produced.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the directionality of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are synthesized from the N-terminus to the C-terminus.

Question 20

A tRNA with the anticodon 3' CCG 5' is charged with which amino acid, and which mRNA codon does it recognize?

Accepted Answer

Glycine, 5' GGC 3'

Translation: Decoding mRNA into Protein

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