Question 1

Given the mRNA sequence 5' AUGCCGAUCGUAUAG 3', what is the correct amino acid sequence produced during translation?

Accepted Answer

Met-Pro-Ile-Val-Stop

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the start codon is correct?

Accepted Answer

The start codon sets the reading frame for translation

Question 3

A tRNA with the anticodon 3' UAC 5' will pair with which mRNA codon?

Accepted Answer

5' AUG 3'

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the redundancy of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A single tRNA can recognize multiple codons due to wobble base pairing

Question 5

If a DNA sequence is 5' ATGCCGATCGA 3', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

5' AUGCCGAUCGA 3'

Question 6

Which of the following mutations would most likely result in a truncated (shortened) protein?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 7

How many possible reading frames exist for a double-stranded DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

Accepted Answer

It attaches the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA using ATP

Question 9

A tRNA with the anticodon 3' GAI 5' can recognize which of the following codons due to wobble base pairing?

Accepted Answer

5' CUA 3', 5' CUC 3', 5' CUU 3'

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding tRNA structure and function?

Accepted Answer

tRNAs have a 3' CCA tail added after transcription for amino acid attachment

Question 11

A mutation changes the codon 5' UAU 3' (tyrosine) to 5' UAA 3'. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 12

If the mRNA sequence is 5' CUCAGCGUUACCAU 3', and translation starts at the first codon, what is the third amino acid in the resulting polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

Valine

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the 'wobble' position in tRNA anticodons?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single tRNA to recognize multiple codons by flexible base pairing at the 5' position of the anticodon

Question 14

Which of the following codons is a stop codon?

Accepted Answer

5' UGA 3'

Question 15

A single nucleotide insertion in a coding region is most likely to cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A frameshift mutation

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct base pairing between a codon and its anticodon?

Accepted Answer

Codon: 5' GCU 3', Anticodon: 3' CGA 5'

Question 17

If a tRNA has the anticodon 3' UAI 5', which amino acid will it carry?

Accepted Answer

Isoleucine

Question 18

Which of the following best describes an open reading frame (ORF)?

Accepted Answer

A region of DNA or mRNA that starts with a start codon and ends with an in-frame stop codon

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing peptide bond formation

Question 20

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from 5' ATG GAA TTT 3' to 5' ATG GAT TTT 3'. What type of mutation is this, and what is the likely effect on the protein?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation; one amino acid is changed

Translation, tRNA, and the Genetic Code: Codon-Anticodon Pairing, Wobble, and Reading Frames

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