Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in hepatocytes (liver cells)?

Accepted Answer

It is primarily involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins.

Question 2

A mutation causes a cell to produce non-functional clathrin. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis of extracellular ligands

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is correct?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 4

A patient has a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of lysosomal hydrolases. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested macromolecules within cells

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why glycolysis can proceed in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ is regenerated by fermentation, allowing glycolysis to continue.

Question 6

During glycolysis, which enzyme catalyzes the committed step that is highly regulated by ATP and AMP levels?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase-1

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the free energy change for a spontaneous reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G \u003c 0$$

Question 8

A muscle cell is rapidly contracting and has depleted its oxygen supply. Which pathway will it use to regenerate NAD+ and continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactate fermentation

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein folding and assembly

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

It creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive ATP synthesis.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the TCA (Krebs) cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

For each glucose molecule, the cycle runs twice, producing a total of 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key regulatory molecule that stimulates phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) and inhibits fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the cell must regulate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis reciprocally?

Accepted Answer

To prevent futile cycling and waste of energy

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP and NADPH to fix CO2 into organic sugars.

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a high concentration of NADH and ATP. Which of the following is most likely to occur in the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Allosteric inhibition of key enzymes, slowing the cycle

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

They contain catalases and oxidases for hydrogen peroxide metabolism and fatty acid oxidation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct result of the action of ATP synthase in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the hydrolysis of ATP is coupled to endergonic reactions in the cell?

Accepted Answer

The hydrolysis of ATP is highly exergonic ($$\Delta G \u003c 0$$), providing energy to drive nonspontaneous processes.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of actin filaments in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

They form the contractile ring during cytokinesis.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of microtubules during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They form the spindle apparatus that segregates chromosomes.

Cell Biology Study Guide: Endomembrane System, Cytoskeleton, Bioenergetics, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and TCA Cycle

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard