Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It defines the boundaries of the cell and acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing the cell to respond to changes in the extracellular environment.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of desmosomes. Which tissue is most likely to be affected by this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue exposed to mechanical stress, such as the skin or digestive tract lining

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the phospholipid bilayer is correct?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophilic heads face both the extracellular and intracellular spaces, while the hydrophobic tails are sandwiched in the middle of the bilayer.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why oxygen ($$O_2) $$can diffuse freely across the plasma membrane, but sodium ions ($$Na^+) $$cannot?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is a small, nonpolar molecule, while sodium ions are charged and require a protein channel to cross the hydrophobic core of the membrane.

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than the cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves by osmosis.

Question 6

Which of the following transport mechanisms requires energy in the form of ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 7

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by surrounding it with its plasma membrane, forming a vesicle that is later digested. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It processes, packages, and ships proteins to their final destinations.

Question 9

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional aquaporins. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis of water

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and enabling cellular movement

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein synthesis, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.

Question 13

A scientist observes a cell with a large number of mitochondria. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Production of large amounts of ATP for energy-demanding processes

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells, enabling electrical coupling.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the sodium/potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It pumps sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, both against their concentration gradients, using ATP.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They digest and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances.

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a single, large, centrally located nucleus, a prominent nucleolus, and chromatin dispersed throughout the nucleus. Which phase of the cell cycle is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell releases substances to the extracellular space by fusing a vesicle with the plasma membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct match between a cell type and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocyte – oxygen transport

Question 20

Which of the following statements about chromatin, chromosomes, and chromatids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are formed when chromatin condenses during cell division, and each chromosome consists of two chromatids joined at a centromere.

Cell Structure and Function: Mini-Textbook Study Notes for Cell Biology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard