Question 1

Which set of d-orbitals is depicted in the first image, and how are these orbitals oriented with respect to the Cartesian axes?

Accepted Answer

d$$_{xy}$$, d$$_{xz}$$, and d$$_{yz}$$; oriented between the axes

Question 2

In an octahedral crystal field, which d-orbitals experience the greatest increase in energy due to direct interaction with ligands placed along the axes?

Accepted Answer

d$$_{x^2$-y^2$$}$$ and d$$_{$$z^2$$}$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the splitting of d-orbitals in an octahedral field?

Accepted Answer

The d-orbitals split into two sets: t$$_{2g} (d$_{xy}$$, d$$_{xz}$$, d$$_{yz}) $$and e$$_g (d$_{x^2$-y^2$$}$$, d$$_{$$z^2$$}$).

Question 4

What is the crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) for a d$$^1$$ ion (e.g., Ti$$^{3+}) in an $$octahedral field?

Accepted Answer

$$-\frac{2}{5}\Delta_{oct}$$

Question 5

Which statement about the d$$_{z^2$}$$ orbital is correct based on the images provided?

Accepted Answer

It is oriented along the z-axis and has a unique donut-shaped ring in the xy-plane.

Question 6

In a tetrahedral crystal field, which set of d-orbitals is higher in energy?

Accepted Answer

t$$_2 (d$_{xy}$$, d$$_{xz}$$, d$$_{yz})$$

Question 7

What is the main reason that the splitting of d-orbitals in a tetrahedral field ($$\Delta_{tet}) is $$less than in an octahedral field ($$\Delta_{oct}$$)?

Accepted Answer

There are fewer ligands and none are directly on the axes in a tetrahedral field.

Question 8

Which process describes the transformation from an octahedral to a square planar geometry?

Accepted Answer

Removal of ligands along the z-axis (tetragonal distortion)

Question 9

According to Hund’s Rule, how will four electrons fill the t$$_{2g}$$ orbitals in a weak field octahedral complex?

Accepted Answer

Each orbital gets one electron before any pairing occurs.

Question 10

Which property of transition metal complexes is NOT directly explained by Crystal Field Theory?

Accepted Answer

The covalent bonding between metal and ligand

Question 11

If the pairing energy $$P is $$greater than the crystal field splitting energy $$\Delta_{oct}$$, what type of spin state will an octahedral complex adopt?

Accepted Answer

High spin

Question 12

Which of the following is a limitation of Crystal Field Theory?

Accepted Answer

It assumes ligands are point charges and ignores covalency.

Question 13

What is the term symbol for the set of d-orbitals that are directed between the axes in an octahedral field?

Accepted Answer

t$$_{2g}$$

Question 14

Which real-world property of a transition metal complex can be predicted using the number of unpaired electrons from Crystal Field Theory?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic susceptibility

Question 15

In a square planar complex, which d-orbital is highest in energy?

Accepted Answer

d$$_{x^2$-y^2$$}$

Question 16

Which equation correctly represents the total energy for two electrons occupying two energy levels separated by $$\Delta E$$?

Accepted Answer

$$E_T = 2E_0 + \Delta E$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why transition metal complexes are often colored?

Accepted Answer

d-d transitions between split d-orbital energy levels absorb visible light

Question 18

What is the effect on the d-orbital energy levels when a spherical electrostatic field is applied to a transition metal ion?

Accepted Answer

All d-orbitals are raised uniformly in energy

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the barycentre in crystal field splitting diagrams?

Accepted Answer

It is the average energy of the d-orbitals before splitting

Crystal Field Theory and d-Orbital Splitting in Transition Metal Complexes

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