Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of nerves and ganglia.

Question 2

A patient is unable to consciously move their right arm, but can still feel sensations in it. Which lobe of the brain is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for insulating axons and increasing the speed of action potentials in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulating heart rate directly

Question 5

A person with multiple sclerosis (MS) experiences muscle weakness and loss of coordination. What is the primary cause of these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of the myelin sheath by immune cells

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a relay and filter for sensory information traveling to the cerebrum.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a component of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 8

Which brain region is primarily responsible for fine-tuning movements and storing memories of learned movements?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the steps of a spinal reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Storage of fuel molecules in the liver

Question 11

Which type of neuron transmits signals from the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Question 12

Which lobe of the cerebrum is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

It connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between them.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Promoting digestion and energy storage

Question 15

Which of the following structures is found in the PNS but NOT in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Ganglia

Question 16

A patient presents with a loss of spatial awareness and difficulty processing somatic sensory information. Which lobe is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Parietal lobe

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They help form the blood-brain barrier and support neurons.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of hydrocephalus if left untreated?

Accepted Answer

Increased intracranial pressure leading to brain damage

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why myelinated neurons transmit action potentials faster than unmyelinated neurons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath allows saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 20

Which of the following is the main neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nervous system during a fight-or-flight response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Study Guide: The Nervous System (Medical Terminology)

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