Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a vector in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

A vector is a self-replicating DNA molecule used to carry a desired gene into a new cell.

Question 2

Which enzyme is responsible for joining the backbones of DNA fragments during the creation of recombinant DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 3

A researcher wants to clone a eukaryotic gene that contains introns into a bacterial plasmid for protein production. Which form of DNA should be used to ensure proper expression in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesized from mRNA

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a typical application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins directly from DNA

Question 5

A restriction enzyme recognizes the sequence $$\mathrm{G^\wedge AATTC}$$ and cuts between G and A. Which enzyme is this?

Accepted Answer

EcoRI

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why E. coli is commonly used in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

It is easily grown and its genomics are well understood.

Question 7

A scientist uses a gene gun to insert DNA into plant cells. What is the main advantage of this technique?

Accepted Answer

It allows direct delivery of DNA into plant cells that are difficult to transform by other methods.

Question 8

Which of the following is a real-world example of a product created using recombinant DNA technology for agricultural purposes?

Accepted Answer

Bt corn, which expresses a toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis to kill insect pests

Question 9

In blue-white screening, what does the appearance of white bacterial colonies indicate?

Accepted Answer

The bacteria contain recombinant plasmids with foreign DNA inserted into the lacZ gene.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of gene silencing as a therapeutic application?

Accepted Answer

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) binds to mRNA, leading to its degradation and preventing protein expression.

Question 11

A forensic microbiologist is using PCR to identify the presence of a specific pathogen in a sample. Which component is essential for the specificity of the PCR reaction?

Accepted Answer

Primers that are complementary to the target DNA sequence

Question 12

Which of the following is a major ethical concern associated with the use of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Who will have access to an individual’s genetic information

Question 13

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the Southern blotting technique?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying DNA using PCR before electrophoresis

Question 14

A scientist wants to create a genomic library of a eukaryotic organism. Which of the following is a correct step in this process?

Accepted Answer

Digest the organism’s DNA with restriction enzymes and insert the fragments into vectors.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about site-directed mutagenesis?

Accepted Answer

It involves changing a specific DNA sequence to alter a protein’s function.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key reason why cDNA is used for expressing eukaryotic genes in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

cDNA lacks introns, which prokaryotes cannot process.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct application of reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR)?

Accepted Answer

Detecting RNA viruses by converting their RNA into DNA before amplification

Question 18

A plant is genetically modified using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. What is the role of the Ti plasmid in this process?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a vector to transfer foreign genes into the plant genome.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

Replacing a defective gene in a patient’s cells with a functional copy to treat a genetic disorder

Question 20

Which of the following is a potential environmental concern regarding genetically modified crops?

Accepted Answer

The possibility of gene transfer to wild relatives, leading to unintended ecological effects

Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA: Tools and Applications in Microbiology

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