Question 1

Which of the following is a unique feature of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls that can contribute to their resistance to certain antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

An outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell under the microscope that is 1 µm in diameter, lacks a nucleus, and has a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan. Which type of organism is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial glycocalyx capsule?

Accepted Answer

It is firmly attached and may prevent recognition by the host immune system.

Question 4

A bacterium is observed to move toward a chemical attractant by alternating between runs and tumbles. Which structure is primarily responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 5

Which of the following processes requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances across the cytoplasmic membrane against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

A patient is infected with a bacterium that forms endospores. Why is this clinically significant?

Accepted Answer

Endospores allow the bacterium to survive harsh conditions, making infections harder to eliminate.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic flagella is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are anchored by a basal body and undulate rhythmically.

Question 8

Which of the following cell types would you expect to find 80S ribosomes in?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells

Question 9

A researcher is studying a microorganism with a cell wall composed of chitin. This organism is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why Gram-positive bacteria appear purple after Gram staining?

Accepted Answer

They have a thick peptidoglycan layer that retains the crystal violet dye.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic Golgi body?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and processing molecules for export

Question 12

A scientist discovers a microorganism with a cell wall that lacks peptidoglycan but contains specialized polysaccharides and proteins. This organism is most likely:

Accepted Answer

An archaeon

Question 13

Which of the following best describes group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A process where a substance is chemically modified as it is transported into the cell

Question 14

Which of the following structures is responsible for mediating the transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 15

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to a bacterial cell with a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell, but the cell wall prevents complete collapse.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the endosymbiotic theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

It proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from engulfed aerobic prokaryotes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between bacterial and archaeal cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have different ribosomal proteins and metabolic enzymes for RNA synthesis.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the arrangement and function of eukaryotic cilia?

Accepted Answer

They are short, numerous, and beat in a coordinated fashion to move the cell or substances past the cell surface.

Cell Structure and Function in Microbiology: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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