Question 1

Which of the following best defines taxonomy in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

The science of classifying organisms to show the degree of similarity among them.

Question 2

Which scientist is credited with developing the three-domain system based on rRNA nucleotide sequences?

Accepted Answer

Woese

Question 3

What is a major limitation of the two-kingdom classification system?

Accepted Answer

It does not account for the significant differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to differentiate the three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 5

A population of cells derived from a single parent cell is best described as a:

Accepted Answer

Clone

Question 6

Which of the following statements about viruses is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are not classified within any of the three domains because they are not composed of cells.

Question 7

Which method is most appropriate for identifying bacteria that cannot be cultured in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) such as PCR

Question 8

In a clinical laboratory, which manual would you consult to identify an unknown bacterium based on morphology and biochemical tests?

Accepted Answer

Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the principle behind nucleic acid hybridization?

Accepted Answer

The greater the degree of hybridization between DNA strands from two organisms, the greater their relatedness.

Question 10

A dichotomous key is used for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

Identification of organisms based on a series of paired choices.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of binomial nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 12

Which of the following statements about ELISA is correct?

Accepted Answer

Direct ELISA detects the presence of a specific microbe in a patient specimen using known antibodies.

Question 13

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Archaea compared to Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Membrane lipids composed of branched carbon chains attached to glycerol by ether linkage

Question 14

A scientist is using rRNA sequencing to determine the evolutionary relationship between two microorganisms. Which type of analysis is she performing?

Accepted Answer

Phylogenetic analysis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a strain in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

Genetically different cells within a clone

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world application of PCR in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage samples

Question 17

If two organisms have a DNA hybridization value of 80%, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

They are likely the same species.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a criterion used in Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology for identifying bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Ability to hybridize with human DNA

Question 19

Which of the following statements about cladograms is correct?

Accepted Answer

They show evolutionary relationships among organisms based on rRNA sequences.

Question 20

A patient’s blood sample is tested using an indirect ELISA. What is being detected in this test?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies specific to a known antigen

Chapter 10: Classification of Microorganisms – Structured Study Notes

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