Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides a nonspecific, immediate response, while adaptive immunity provides a specific, delayed response with memory.

Question 2

A patient with a deficiency in mannose-binding lectin (MBL) would have the most direct impairment in which immune process?

Accepted Answer

Activation of the lectin complement pathway

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical barrier in the first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

Mucociliary escalator in the respiratory tract

Question 4

A child presents with recurrent pyrogenic bacterial infections and is found to have abnormally low levels of neutrophils. Which term best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Neutropenia

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why normal microbiota are important for immune system development?

Accepted Answer

They fine-tune the immune system to fight pathogens and train it to tolerate nonpathogens.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)?

Accepted Answer

They disrupt microbial plasma membranes and/or cell walls.

Question 7

A patient with a chronic inflammatory disorder is treated with a drug that inhibits eicosanoid production. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this drug?

Accepted Answer

Reduced inflammation and pain

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Tagging of pathogens with complement proteins to enhance phagocytosis

Question 9

Which cytokine family is primarily responsible for activating both innate and adaptive immune responses and stimulating hematopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Interleukins (ILs)

Question 10

A bacterial pathogen produces siderophores. What is the primary function of these molecules?

Accepted Answer

To steal iron from host iron-binding proteins

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Question 12

During the leukocyte recruitment phase of inflammation, which process describes leukocytes slowing and adhering to the vessel wall?

Accepted Answer

Margination

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why a low-grade fever is sometimes allowed to run its course in a patient?

Accepted Answer

It enhances antiviral effects of interferons and increases phagocyte efficiency.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the three phases of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Vascular changes → Leukocyte recruitment → Resolution

Question 15

A patient with a genetic defect in the production of chemokines would most likely have difficulty with which immune process?

Accepted Answer

Recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of mast cells in inflammation?

Accepted Answer

They release histamine, increasing blood vessel permeability.

Question 17

Which of the following is a likely outcome if complement regulation fails and complement proteins remain active after a threat has passed?

Accepted Answer

Damage to host tissues due to ongoing complement activity

Question 18

A patient with a fever is given ibuprofen. Which of the following best explains how this drug reduces fever?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the production of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the spleen in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood and removes damaged erythrocytes.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a pathogen overcoming a host's iron-binding defense?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium producing siderophores to steal iron from transferrin

Innate Immunity: Principles and Clinical Applications

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