Question 1

Which process is represented by the arrow labeled '1' in the central dogma diagram (DNA → RNA → Protein)?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 2

In the central dogma, what is the correct sequence of information flow?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for relieving supercoiling ahead of the replication fork during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 4

Refer to the DNA replication fork diagram. Which strand (A or B) is the lagging strand, and why?

Accepted Answer

A is the lagging strand, as DNA is always synthesized in the 5' to 3' manner.

Question 5

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by adding nucleotides to the 3' end during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 6

What is the function of single-stranded binding proteins during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

They prevent reannealing and degradation of separated DNA strands.

Question 7

Which of the following is unique to lagging strand synthesis during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments

Question 8

In the context of transcription, what is the role of the promoter region?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 9

Which type of RNA contains codons that specify amino acids?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 10

What is the main function of the poly-A tail added during eukaryotic mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

It protects the mRNA from degradation.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the redundancy of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Having more codons than amino acids.

Question 12

Given the DNA template strand 3'-ATGAAGCCGAGTCAT-5', what is the correct mRNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUGAAGCCGAGUCAU-3'

Question 13

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is true?

Accepted Answer

All of the above statements are true.

Question 14

During translation, which site on the ribosome holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added?

Accepted Answer

A-site

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the enzyme DNA ligase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Covalently joins Okazaki fragments together.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a property shared by both RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Can initiate strand synthesis without a primer.

Question 17

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for removing RNA primers and replacing them with DNA during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA Polymerase I

Question 18

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

Question 19

Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of events during the steps of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase relieves supercoiling, helicase unwinds DNA, SSBs bind, primase adds primers, DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA, DNA polymerase I replaces primers, ligase joins fragments.

Microbial Genetics: DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation

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