Question 1

Which component of a nucleotide is responsible for the energy used during DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group

Question 2

In the semiconservative model of DNA replication, what is the composition of each daughter DNA molecule after one round of replication?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter DNA molecule is composed of one original strand and one new strand.

Question 3

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 4

What is the primary function of plasmids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes that confer survival advantages, such as antibiotic resistance.

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for removing supercoils in bacterial DNA during replication?

Accepted Answer

Gyrase

Question 6

During DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously. What are the short fragments called?

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments

Question 7

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and sequestered within the nucleus.

Question 8

What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the set of genes in the genome, while phenotype is the physical and functional traits expressed.

Question 9

Which process describes the copying of DNA into RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 10

In prokaryotes, where does transcription occur?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA transcribed from DNA?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 12

What is the start codon for translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an operon?

Accepted Answer

A group of genes regulated together and transcribed into a single mRNA molecule

Question 14

Which type of mutation results from the addition or removal of one or a few nucleotide pairs, creating a new sequence of codons?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 15

Which event causes a nonsense mutation?

Accepted Answer

An amino acid codon is changed into a stop codon.

Question 16

Which type of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria requires physical contact between donor and recipient cells?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 17

What is the main difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

mRNA is processed before translation in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about DNA replication in eukaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic DNA replication uses thousands of replication origins.

Question 19

Which process involves the use of ribosomes to synthesize polypeptides from mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of horizontal gene transfer that has contributed to antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of resistance plasmids via conjugation

Lecture Chpt 7 Microbial Genetics: Structure, Replication, and Expression of Genomes

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