Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism provides energy for anabolism by breaking down macromolecules, and anabolism uses this energy to build macromolecules.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic respiration in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} + 38\,\mathrm{ADP} + 38\,\mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + 38\,\mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 4

A competitive inhibitor affects enzyme activity by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 5

Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

The color of the enzyme

Question 6

What is the role of ATP in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP is an intermediate that stores energy released from catabolic reactions and supplies energy for anabolic reactions.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of enzymatic action?

Accepted Answer

The substrate contacts the enzyme’s active site, forms an enzyme–substrate complex, is transformed into products, and the enzyme is unchanged.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP generation by direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated compound to ADP during glycolysis.

Question 9

Which statement correctly distinguishes competitive and noncompetitive inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, while noncompetitive inhibitors bind to the allosteric site.

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

The end-product allosterically inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway, shutting down the pathway.

Question 11

Which of the following is a ribozyme?

Accepted Answer

An RNA molecule that acts as a catalyst, such as in RNA splicing.

Question 12

In a biological oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, which molecule is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

The molecule that loses electrons.

Question 13

Which pathway is NOT directly involved in glycolysis but provides intermediates for biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 14

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 15

Which of the following is a principal product of the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 16

Which process generates ATP by oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 17

Which of the following statements about fermentation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.

Question 18

Which of the following is a product of lipid catabolism that enters the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl CoA

Question 19

A biochemical test in the laboratory can identify bacteria by detecting:

Accepted Answer

The presence of specific enzymes that catalyze unique reactions.

Microbial Metabolism: Catabolism, Anabolism, and Energy Production

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