Question 1

Which scientist is credited with disproving spontaneous generation and supporting the theory of biogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Pasteur

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis. Which staining technique would be most appropriate for identifying the causative agent in a sputum sample?

Accepted Answer

Acid-fast stain

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They detoxify reactive oxygen species.

Question 4

A microbiologist isolates a bacterium with a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane. Which of the following is most likely true about this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

It is Gram-positive and lacks LPS.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the number of bacteria after $$n$$ generations, starting with $$N_0$$ cells?

Accepted Answer

$$N_t = N_0$ 	imes 2^n$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of phagocytosis

Question 7

A clinical specimen is collected to identify the causative agent of a urinary tract infection. Which of the following is most important to prevent during specimen handling?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a chemoorganoheterotroph?

Accepted Answer

Uses organic molecules for both energy and carbon

Question 9

A bacterium is observed to have a single flagellum at one end. What is the correct term for this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Monotrichous

Question 10

Which of the following statements about endospores is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are metabolically inactive and highly resistant.

Question 11

A microbiologist wants to distinguish between Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using selective and differential media. Which medium would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

MacConkey agar

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of binomial nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 13

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of Streptococcus bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Chains of cocci

Question 16

During which phase of the bacterial growth curve is the generation time calculated?

Accepted Answer

Log (exponential) phase

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct method for measuring bacterial growth?

Accepted Answer

Plate count

Question 18

A patient is infected with a Gram-negative bacterium. Which component of the bacterial cell wall is most likely to trigger a strong immune response?

Accepted Answer

Lipid A of LPS

Question 19

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are 70S and responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 20

A bacterium is classified as an obligate anaerobe. Which of the following best describes its growth requirements?

Accepted Answer

It cannot grow in the presence of oxygen.

Microbiology Exam 1 Study Guide: Foundations, Cell Structure, and Growth

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