Q1. Which type of cell has membrane bound organelles, including a nucleus?

Background

Topic: Cell Types – Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic

This question tests your understanding of the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, specifically regarding the presence of membrane-bound organelles.

Key Terms

• Eukaryotic cell: A cell with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

• Prokaryotic cell: A cell lacking a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the main structural differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

2. Think about which type of cell contains a nucleus surrounded by a membrane.

3. Consider which type of cell has other organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q2. Which type of cell does not have membrane bound organelles or nucleus?

Background

Topic: Cell Types – Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic

This question is about identifying the cell type that lacks internal membrane-bound structures.

Key Terms

• Prokaryotic cell: Lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

• Eukaryotic cell: Contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the definition of prokaryotic cells and their structural features.

2. Think about which domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) have prokaryotic cells.

3. Consider the absence of a nucleus and other organelles in this cell type.

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Q3. Describe the endosymbiosis theory. What evidence supports this theory?

Background

Topic: Evolution of Eukaryotic Cells

This question tests your understanding of the endosymbiotic theory, which explains the origin of certain organelles in eukaryotic cells.

Key Terms

• Endosymbiosis: A symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside another.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts: Organelles believed to have originated from free-living prokaryotes.

• Ribosomes (70S): Type of ribosome found in prokaryotes and these organelles.

• Circular DNA: Genetic material structure found in prokaryotes and these organelles.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Summarize the main idea of the endosymbiotic theory: how larger cells incorporated smaller cells.

2. List the organelles that are thought to have originated via endosymbiosis.

3. Identify at least two pieces of evidence that support this theory (e.g., similarities in DNA, ribosomes).

4. Think about how these features are more similar to prokaryotes than to the host eukaryotic cell.

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Q4. List the structures found in Eukaryotic Cells that are not found in Prokaryotic Cells. Why are these structures not found in Prokaryotic Cells?

Background

Topic: Cell Structure Differences

This question asks you to distinguish between the organelles present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells, and to explain why.

Key Terms

• Membrane-bound organelles: Structures surrounded by membranes, unique to eukaryotes.

• Examples: Nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, etc.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. List the major organelles found only in eukaryotic cells.

2. Consider the function of each organelle and why prokaryotes do not have them.

3. Think about the evolutionary and structural reasons for the absence of these organelles in prokaryotes.

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Q5. List and give the function of the two kinds of external structures of eukaryotic cells. Also give examples of each.

Background

Topic: Eukaryotic Cell Surface Structures

This question focuses on the external features of eukaryotic cells and their roles.

Key Terms

• Glycocalyx: A carbohydrate-rich layer involved in cell recognition and communication.

• Appendages: Structures such as cilia and flagella used for movement.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Identify the two main types of external structures on eukaryotic cells.

2. Describe the function of each structure.

3. Provide at least one example for each type of structure.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!