Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are considered evidence for the endosymbiosis theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria possess 70S ribosomes and their own single, circular double-stranded DNA, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 2

A scientist observes a unicellular organism with a cell wall containing chitin, reproducing by spores, and existing in both yeast and filamentous forms. Which kingdom does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Kingdom Fungi

Question 3

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but differs in its subunit composition?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 4

A bacterium moves toward a nutrient source by increasing the frequency of 'runs' and decreasing 'tumbles.' Which term best describes this behavior?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Protection from phagocytosis and desiccation

Question 6

A Gram-negative bacterium is most likely to possess which of the following structural features?

Accepted Answer

Thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharides

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of asexual spore formation in fungi?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow 2n$$

Question 8

A protozoan is observed to move using short, synchronized hair-like structures covering its surface. Which term best describes this mode of locomotion?

Accepted Answer

Cilia

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Site where proteins are modified and sent to their final destination

Question 10

Which of the following statements about viruses is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites because they require host cell organelles for metabolism and reproduction.

Question 11

Which of the following viruses contains double-stranded RNA as its genome?

Accepted Answer

Rotavirus

Question 12

During the lysogenic cycle of a bacteriophage, the viral DNA integrates into the host genome. What is the integrated viral DNA called?

Accepted Answer

Prophage

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Increased cell wall thickness

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with a persistent viral infection that slowly progresses over years, causing gradual decline. Which virus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Measles Virus

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack metabolic processes and cellular structures targeted by antibiotics.

Question 16

Which of the following structures is responsible for transferring DNA during bacterial conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 17

Which equation represents the process of sexual spore formation in fungi?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow 1n$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of lysogenic conversion, where a bacteriophage imparts new pathogenic traits to its bacterial host?

Accepted Answer

Corynebacterium diphtheriae producing diphtheria toxin

Question 19

Which of the following is a non-cellular infectious agent that causes disease in plants?

Accepted Answer

Viroid

Question 20

A virus is observed to bud out of a host cell, acquiring a phospholipid envelope with spike proteins. Where does this envelope originate?

Accepted Answer

From the host cell membrane

Microbiology Unit 2 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard