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Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Free Radical Halogenation of Alkanes

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Radical Initiators

  • What are Radical Initiators?
    03:49
  • Heterolytic vs. Homolytic Bond Cleavage .
    04:39

Radical Stability

  • The radical stability trend.
    03:43
  • Determine which of the following radicals is the most stable.
    03:25

Radical Chain Reaction

  • The one reaction that alkanes will actually undergo.
    02:05
  • Explaining the following problem.
    00:34
  • Show the entire chain reaction mechanism.
    04:08

Radical Selectivity

  • Predict the Product.
    00:48
  • Predict the Product.
    01:02
  • Using the Hammond Postulate to describe radical chlorination.
    03:03

Radical Hydrohalogenation

  • Provide the complete mechanism for the following radical hydrohalogenation.
    02:53
  • How Radical Hydrohalogenation is different from typical Hydrohalogenation.
    07:13
  • Overview of Hydrohalogention.
    01:18

Bonding Preferences

  • What is the difference between valence and octet electrons?
    02:04
  • Understanding the hydrogen isotopes.
    08:32
  • What is a valence electron?
    02:14

Energy Diagram

  • Favorability and rate of Free Energy Diagrams
    01:14
  • Favorability and rate of Free Energy Diagrams
    00:34
  • Favorability and rate of Free Energy Diagrams
    02:18

Gibbs Free Energy

  • Intermediates vs. Transition States
    06:55
  • Breaking down the different terms of the Gibbs Free Energy equation.
    05:02

Enthalpy

  • How to calculate enthalpy using bond dissociation energies.
    04:09
  • Calculating Enthalpies
    04:38

Entropy

  • 3 ways to increase entropy.
    07:11
  • Explaining what entropy is.
    02:46

Hammond Postulate

  • Defining the Hammond Postulate.
    01:30
  • Bromination explains the Hammond Postulate.
    02:58
  • Chlorination explains the Hammond Postulate.
    05:23

Carbocation Intermediates – Stability

  • Determining Carbocation Stability
    05:58
  • Predicting the most stable carbocation
    01:21

Carbocation Intermediate – Rearrangements

  • Alkyl Shift
    03:43
  • Understanding why carbocations shift.
    00:47
  • Hydride Shift
    03:34

Energy Diagram

  • Favorability and rate of Free Energy Diagrams
    01:14
  • Favorability and rate of Free Energy Diagrams
    00:34
  • Favorability and rate of Free Energy Diagrams
    02:18

Introduction to Substitution

  • Predict the product
    05:55
  • Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Bronsted-Lowry Reactions.
    05:01
  • Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Substitution Reactions.
    01:47