Domanda del libro di testo
Based on the absolute configuration of (S)-butan-2-ol, what can you say about the direction it rotates plane-polarized light?
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Ch. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in Space
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons114
- Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis109
- Ch. 4 - Acids and Bases/Electron Flow144
- Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics118
- Ch. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in Space112
- Ch. 7 - Principles of Green (Organic) Chemistry3
- Ch. 8 - Alkenes 1: Properties and Electrophilic Additions158
- Ch. 9 - Alkenes 2: Oxidation and Reduction150
- Ch. 10 - Alkynes: Electrophilic Addition and Redox Reactions101
- Ch. 11 - Properties and Synthesis of Alkyl Halides: Radical Reactions108
- Ch. 12 - Substitution and Elimination: Reactions of Haloalkanes172
- Ch. 13 - Alcohols, Ethers and Related Compounds: Substitution and Elimination239
- Ch. 14 - Structural Identification 1: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry54
- Ch. 15 - Structural Identification 2: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy93
- Ch. 16 - Metals in Organic Chemistry48
- Ch. 17 - Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch. 18 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution 1: Carboxylic Acids18
- Ch. 19 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution 2: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives39
- Ch. 20 - Enolates: Carbonyl Addition and Substitution13
- Ch. 21 - Conjugated Systems 1: Stability and Addition Reactions56
- Ch. 22 - Conjugated Systems 2: Pericyclic Reactions54
- Ch. 23 - Benzene 1: Aromatic Stability and Substitution Reactions64
- Ch. 24 - Benzene 2: Reactions Influenced by the Aromatic Ring62
- Ch. 25 - Amines: Structure, Reactions, and Synthesis27
- Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Proteins, and Peptide Synthesis9
- Ch. 27 - Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids54
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
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Mullins 1st EditionCh. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in SpaceProblema 31
Mullins 1st EditionCh. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in SpaceProblema 31Capitolo 5, Problema 31
Using a 1.0-cm polarimeter cell and a solution prepared by dissolving 2.54 g of glucose in 1 L of H₂O, the specific rotation of d-glucose was calculated to be +52.7° at 20 °C using the sodium D line as the source of light. What was the observed rotation of the solution?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand the formula for specific rotation: \( [\alpha] = \frac{\alpha}{l \cdot c} \), where \([\alpha]\) is the specific rotation, \(\alpha\) is the observed rotation, \(l\) is the path length in decimeters, and \(c\) is the concentration in g/mL.
Convert the path length from cm to dm. Since 1 cm = 0.1 dm, the path length \(l\) is \(1.0 \times 0.1 = 0.1\, \text{dm}\).
Calculate the concentration \(c\) of the solution. The concentration is given by \(c = \frac{\text{mass of solute}}{\text{volume of solution}}\). Here, the mass of glucose is 2.54 g, and the volume of the solution is 1 L (or 1000 mL). Thus, \(c = \frac{2.54}{1000}\, \text{g/mL}\).
Rearrange the specific rotation formula to solve for the observed rotation \(\alpha\): \(\alpha = [\alpha] \cdot l \cdot c\).
Substitute the known values into the formula: \([\alpha] = +52.7\, ^\circ\), \(l = 0.1\, \text{dm}\), and \(c = \frac{2.54}{1000}\, \text{g/mL}\). Perform the multiplication to find the observed rotation \(\alpha\).
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Specific Rotation
Specific rotation is a property of chiral compounds that quantifies their ability to rotate plane-polarized light. It is defined as the observed rotation of light (in degrees) divided by the path length of the sample (in decimeters) and the concentration of the solution (in grams per milliliter). This value is temperature and wavelength dependent, and for glucose, it is typically reported at 20 °C using the sodium D line.
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05:43
Specific rotation vs. observed rotation.
Observed Rotation
Observed rotation refers to the actual angle by which plane-polarized light is rotated when it passes through a sample in a polarimeter. It is influenced by the concentration of the optically active substance, the length of the polarimeter cell, and the specific rotation of the substance. The observed rotation can be calculated using the formula: [α] = α / (l * c), where [α] is specific rotation, α is observed rotation, l is the path length, and c is concentration.
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05:43Specific rotation vs. observed rotation.
Concentration Calculation
Concentration in this context refers to the amount of solute (glucose) present in a given volume of solution. It is typically expressed in grams per liter (g/L) or grams per milliliter (g/mL). For the given problem, the concentration of glucose can be calculated by dividing the mass of glucose (2.54 g) by the volume of the solution (1 L), which is essential for determining the observed rotation using the specific rotation formula.
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A student wanted to measure the specific rotation of the following propionate derivative (density = 1.12 g/ml).
A sample of the pure compound was placed in a 10.0-cm polarimeter tube, and using the sodium D line, the observed rotation at 20°C was determined to be +46.6° . What is the specific rotation of the propionate derivative?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Imagine a sample that is enriched in the R enantiomer. If the % ee of the sample is 83%,
(a) what percent of the mixture is racemic?
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(S)-Propranolol, a drug used for the treatment of anxiety, has a specific rotation of -25.5° . Attempting to prepare it in enantiopure form, a chemist produced a compound that gave a specific rotation of -18.3° . What is the ratio of (S)- to (R)-propranolol produced by the chemist?
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(R)-Selegiline, a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inactivator, was approved by the FDA in 1989 for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In pure form, it has a specific rotation, [α]²⁰D = - 11.0°. What is the expected specific rotation of a mixture containing 64% S and 36% R?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Cholesterol (50 mg) was dissolved in 10 mL of chloroform and placed in a 1.0-cm polarimeter cell. This solution produced an observed rotation (using the sodium D line at 20°C ) of - 1.58° . What is the specific rotation of cholesterol?
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