Question 1

Ava regularly wakes up feeling unrefreshed, snores loudly, and her partner notices she stops breathing for short intervals during the night. Which sleep disorder does Ava most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Sleep Apnea

Question 2

In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment, what is the correct sequence of events for acquisition?

Accepted Answer

Pair the neutral stimulus (NS) with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) repeatedly, then present the NS alone to elicit the conditioned response (CR).

Question 3

Which of the following best illustrates stimulus generalization in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates to a bell after being conditioned with a metronome.

Question 4

What is the main difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning pairs two stimuli, while operant conditioning pairs behavior with consequences.

Question 5

A child receives a gold star for completing homework, which increases the likelihood of doing homework in the future. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement

Question 6

Which schedule of reinforcement is most resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 7

Harry receives a potion to relieve a headache. The next time he has a headache, he immediately asks for the potion. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement

Question 8

In Tolman & Honzik’s maze experiment, rats learned the layout of the maze without reinforcement. This is evidence for:

Accepted Answer

Latent learning

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

Accepted Answer

Giving a child a time-out by removing their favorite toy after misbehavior.

Question 10

A rat receives a food pellet every 10th bar press. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

Fixed ratio

Question 11

Which principle explains why a cancer patient may develop an aversion to a specific food after just one instance of nausea?

Accepted Answer

Conditioned taste aversion

Question 12

Which of the following best describes instinctive drift?

Accepted Answer

The tendency for learned behavior to become more like innate behavior over time.

Question 13

Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment demonstrated which type of learning?

Accepted Answer

Observational learning

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Operant behavior (OB)

Question 15

A dog is conditioned to salivate to a bell. After extinction, the bell is presented again after a time gap and the dog salivates. This is called:

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

Money

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the Law of Effect?

Accepted Answer

Behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated.

Question 18

Which of the following is a criticism of learning fads such as 'accelerated learning' and 'learning styles'?

Accepted Answer

They often lack proper control groups and exaggerate claims.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of higher-order conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates to a light after the light is paired with a bell that was previously paired with food.

Question 20

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of preparedness in learning?

Accepted Answer

Humans are more likely to develop phobias of snakes and spiders than cars and guns.

Chapter 6: Learning – Introduction to Psychology Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard