Question 1

Which of the following statements about p-values is TRUE according to the ASA statement?

Accepted Answer

A p-value indicates how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.

Question 2

A researcher finds a statistically significant difference between two groups with a p-value of 0.03. The difference in means is from 75% to 76%. What is the best interpretation of this result?

Accepted Answer

The result is significant, but the effect size should be considered before judging importance.

Question 3

Which of the following is a misconception about p-values?

Accepted Answer

A significant result means the effect is important.

Question 4

What is the main advantage of reporting effect sizes in addition to p-values?

Accepted Answer

Effect sizes provide a standardized measure of the magnitude of an effect, allowing for better interpretation.

Question 5

Which of the following practices is considered p-hacking?

Accepted Answer

Stopping data collection once a significant p-value is obtained.

Question 6

A meta-analysis is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A statistical technique that combines effect sizes from multiple studies to estimate a population effect.

Question 7

Which formula correctly represents Cohen’s d for effect size between two groups?

Accepted Answer

$$d = \frac{M_1$ - M_2$}{SD_{pooled}}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a recommended solution to the problems of NHST?

Accepted Answer

Selective reporting of only significant results.

Question 9

What does preregistration of a study involve?

Accepted Answer

Making all aspects of the research process publicly available before data collection begins.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the Bayesian approach to hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

It focuses on estimating parameter values and evaluating evidence for both the null and alternative hypotheses.

Question 11

A researcher runs 10 replications of a study on a new anxiety-reducing tea. Some studies are significant, some are not, but all show a small positive effect. What is the best statistical approach to summarize these findings?

Accepted Answer

Conduct a meta-analysis to estimate the overall effect size.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.

Question 13

If a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference between two groups includes zero, what does this imply?

Accepted Answer

There is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis at the 0.05 significance level.

Question 14

Which of the following is a potential consequence of publication bias in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

Overestimation of effect sizes in the published literature.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between sample size and statistical significance?

Accepted Answer

Larger sample sizes can make even small effects statistically significant.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of Pearson’s r = 0.5?

Accepted Answer

The effect accounts for 25% of the variance.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Bayesian approaches compared to NHST?

Accepted Answer

They require all hypotheses to be tested after data collection.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of HARKing?

Accepted Answer

Formulating a hypothesis after data collection and presenting it as if it was made before data collection.

Modern Issues and Solutions in Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Inference

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard