Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why cartilage heals more slowly than bone after an injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks blood vessels, so nutrients and cells required for repair must diffuse from surrounding tissues.

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which anatomical term best describes the location of this fracture?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what enzyme do they secrete to accomplish this?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; lysosomal enzymes

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage, beginning in the second month of development.

Question 5

A child is diagnosed with rickets. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate mineralization of bone matrix due to vitamin D or calcium deficiency.

Question 6

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels, and what is its main mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to degrade bone matrix and release calcium

Question 7

According to Wolff’s law, which of the following scenarios would most likely result in increased bone density in a specific region?

Accepted Answer

Regular weight-bearing exercise, such as running or lifting weights

Question 8

Which of the following bone markings would most likely serve as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 9

A 70-year-old woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. Her bone density scan reveals significant loss of bone mass, especially in the spongy bone of the femur neck. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the periosteum in bone physiology?

Accepted Answer

It covers the outer surface of bone, contains blood vessels and nerves, and serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments.

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the mineral component of bone, hydroxyapatite?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 12

During bone fracture healing, which stage is characterized by the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus?

Accepted Answer

After new blood vessels invade the area, forming a soft callus

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones; spongy bone is porous and found mainly in the epiphyses.

Question 14

A patient with a pituitary tumor that decreases growth hormone secretion during childhood would most likely exhibit which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced activity at the epiphyseal plates, resulting in short stature

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Formation of bone collar → Cavitation of cartilage → Invasion by periosteal bud → Formation of medullary cavity → Ossification of epiphyses

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why yellow bone marrow can revert to red bone marrow in anemic adults?

Accepted Answer

Yellow marrow contains adipocytes that can transform into hematopoietic tissue under stress.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones for metabolism

Question 18

A 10-year-old child suffers a greenstick fracture. Which of the following best explains why this type of fracture is more common in children?

Accepted Answer

Children’s bones contain more organic matrix and are more flexible.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae, allowing osteocytes to exchange nutrients and waste.

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Development

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