Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why cartilage is ideal for forming the embryonic skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage has a flexible matrix, allowing for rapid growth and later replacement by bone.

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which part of the bone is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is found in the menisci of the knee and intervertebral discs, and what property does it provide?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; provides high tensile strength and compressibility

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 5

A 70-year-old woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. Her bone density scan shows decreased bone mass but normal bone matrix composition. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 6

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

During the healing of a bone fracture, which stage involves the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilaginous callus formation

Question 8

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

Meatus – a canal-like passageway

Question 9

Which process describes the growth of cartilage by chondrocytes dividing and secreting new matrix from within the tissue?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended to prevent osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates osteoblasts to deposit more bone matrix in response to mechanical stress.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It covers the external surface of bone, contains osteogenic cells, and serves as an anchoring point for tendons and ligaments.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones; spongy bone is made of trabeculae and is found inside bones.

Question 13

A child presents with bowed legs and enlarged bone ends. Laboratory tests reveal a vitamin D deficiency. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D

Question 15

Which of the following statements about bone matrix is correct?

Accepted Answer

The organic component (osteoid) provides tensile strength and flexibility, while the inorganic component (hydroxyapatite) provides hardness.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes Wolff’s law?

Accepted Answer

Bones grow or remodel in response to the mechanical stresses placed on them.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the epiphyseal plate during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

It is a region of hyaline cartilage where lengthwise growth of long bones occurs.

Question 18

Which of the following cells is responsible for secreting the organic matrix of bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 19

A patient has a bone fracture that does not penetrate the skin and the bone ends are out of alignment. How would this fracture be classified?

Accepted Answer

Closed, displaced

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone develops from fibrous membranes, forming most flat bones of the skull and clavicles.

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Development

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