Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between sensory somatic and sensory visceral nerves?

Accepted Answer

Sensory somatic nerves detect stimuli from skin, muscles, and bones, while sensory visceral nerves detect stimuli from organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Question 2

A patient presents with paralysis of the muscles of facial expression and loss of taste in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 3

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the diaphragm and is essential for breathing?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve

Question 4

Which of the following cranial nerves is purely sensory?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Question 5

A patient is unable to abduct their eye laterally. Damage to which cranial nerve is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Abducens nerve (CN VI)

Question 6

Which nerve plexus is responsible for providing motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb?

Accepted Answer

Brachial plexus

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the vagus nerve (CN X)?

Accepted Answer

Regulates parasympathetic output to thoracic and abdominal organs

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a mixed nerve?

Accepted Answer

A nerve that contains both sensory and motor axons

Question 9

A patient presents with intense, brief attacks of facial pain triggered by chewing or light touch. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Trigeminal neuralgia

Question 10

Which nerve is most likely to be affected in carpal tunnel syndrome, resulting in numbness and tingling in the lateral three and a half fingers?

Accepted Answer

Median nerve

Question 11

Which spinal nerve plexus gives rise to the sciatic nerve, the largest and longest nerve in the body?

Accepted Answer

Sacral plexus

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the organization of the brachial plexus?

Accepted Answer

It contains roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches.

Question 13

A patient has difficulty extending their forearm and experiences wrist drop. Which nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Radial nerve

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the rami communicantes?

Accepted Answer

They carry visceral motor signals from the autonomic nervous system to the ventral body cavity.

Question 15

Which nerve innervates the quadriceps femoris muscle group and is responsible for knee extension?

Accepted Answer

Femoral nerve

Question 16

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (CN II)

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nerve and its function?

Accepted Answer

Axillary nerve – innervation of the deltoid muscle

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a somatic motor signal from the CNS to a skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

CNS → anterior root → spinal nerve → anterior ramus → skeletal muscle

Question 19

A patient presents with loss of sensation over the medial thigh and weakness in thigh adduction. Which nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Obturator nerve

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world application of the vagus nerve's function?

Accepted Answer

Calming the nervous system through rhythmic breathing and chest tapping

Peripheral Nervous System: Spinal and Cranial Nerves, Plexuses, and Clinical Correlates

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