Question 1

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrivel because water leaves the cell.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing ATP and contains its own DNA?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a genetic mutation affecting which cellular structure, leading to the accumulation of glycolipids in nerve cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Question 5

Which type of membrane transport requires ATP and moves solutes against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesize proteins for secretion

Question 7

Which cell junction allows for the rapid passage of ions and electrical signals between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 8

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Detoxify free radicals and break down fatty acids

Question 10

A cell is observed to engulf a bacterium by extending pseudopods around it. Which process is being described?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

Modifies and packages proteins for secretion

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why oxygen can diffuse directly through the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is small and non-polar

Question 13

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst

Question 14

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It requires a carrier protein but no energy

Question 15

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for forming the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 16

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of ribosomes. Which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity

Question 18

Which process is used by cells to secrete large molecules, such as hormones, out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions between epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent substances from passing between cells.

Question 20

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport

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