Question 1

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrivel because water leaves the cell.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for ATP synthesis and contains its own DNA?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a genetic mutation affecting which organelle, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes; accumulation of undigested glycolipids

Question 5

Which type of membrane transport requires ATP and moves solutes against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for secretion

Question 7

Which cell junction allows for the rapid passage of ions and electrical signals between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 8

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Selective uptake of specific molecules via receptor binding

Question 10

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. What is the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for forming the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate synthesis and protein modification

Question 13

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of free radicals and breakdown of fatty acids

Question 15

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier proteins to move solutes down their concentration gradient.

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that will be secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

What is the primary function of microvilli on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 18

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anchor cells together and resist mechanical stress

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of simple diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen moving from the lungs into red blood cells

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport

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