Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone tissue replaces a preliminary model made of hyaline cartilage.

Question 2

A patient presents with bowed legs and enlarged bone ends. Blood tests reveal low vitamin D levels. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia (Rickets)

Question 3

Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels drop, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone

Question 4

Which of the following bone markings is a depression that allows passage of blood vessels or nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 5

A 10-year-old child suffers a fracture at the epiphyseal plate. What is the most likely long-term consequence if not properly treated?

Accepted Answer

Impaired lengthwise growth of the affected bone

Question 6

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between bone mass and mechanical stress, according to Wolff's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$M_{bone} \propto F_{mechanical}$$

Question 7

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption during remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 8

A 70-year-old woman presents with a vertebral compression fracture and kyphosis. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the osteon (Haversian system)?

Accepted Answer

A unit of compact bone containing a central canal and concentric lamellae

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the repair of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → Fibrocartilaginous callus → Bony callus → Bone remodeling

Question 11

Which of the following bones is classified as a short bone?

Accepted Answer

Carpal

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis is more common in postmenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen levels reduce bone density

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Covers the external surface of the diaphysis and provides attachment for tendons and ligaments

Question 14

A patient with an oversecretion of human growth hormone (hGH) during childhood is likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Gigantism

Question 15

Which of the following best describes appositional growth of bone?

Accepted Answer

Bone grows in width by addition of bone matrix to the outer surface

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the medullary cavity in adults?

Accepted Answer

It contains yellow marrow, which stores fat

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the role of collagen fibers in bone?

Accepted Answer

They make bone flexible and provide tensile strength

Question 18

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of flat bones?

Accepted Answer

They have two thin layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect osteocytes to a nutrient supply

Question 20

A patient with a greenstick fracture is most likely to be:

Accepted Answer

A child with flexible bones

The Skeletal System: Bones and Skeletal Tissues

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