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Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
Amerman- Human Anatomy & Physiology 3e
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoAmerman 3rd EditionCh. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous TissueProblema 14c
Capitolo 11, Problema 14c

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
The Na+/K+ pumps and gated channels maintain the Na+ and K+ gradients necessary for action potentials to occur.

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1
Understand the role of the Na+/K+ pump: The Na+/K+ pump is a membrane protein that actively transports sodium (Na⁺) out of the cell and potassium (K⁺) into the cell against their concentration gradients using ATP. This establishes and maintains the resting membrane potential, which is essential for action potentials.
Understand the role of gated channels: Gated channels (e.g., voltage-gated Na⁺ and K⁺ channels) are responsible for the rapid changes in ion permeability during an action potential. They open and close in response to specific stimuli, allowing ions to flow down their concentration gradients.
Evaluate the statement: The statement claims that both the Na⁺/K⁺ pumps and gated channels maintain the Na⁺ and K⁺ gradients necessary for action potentials. While the Na⁺/K⁺ pump maintains the ion gradients, gated channels do not maintain these gradients but instead facilitate ion movement during the action potential.
Correct the false part of the statement: The corrected statement should read: 'The Na⁺/K⁺ pumps maintain the Na⁺ and K⁺ gradients necessary for action potentials to occur, while gated channels facilitate the movement of these ions during the action potential.'
Summarize the key takeaway: The Na⁺/K⁺ pump is responsible for maintaining the resting ion gradients, and gated channels are involved in the dynamic changes during the action potential itself.

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Na+/K+ Pump

The Na+/K+ pump is a vital membrane protein that actively transports sodium (Na+) out of the cell and potassium (K+) into the cell, using ATP for energy. This process is essential for maintaining the electrochemical gradients of these ions across the cell membrane, which are crucial for various cellular functions, including the generation of action potentials in neurons.
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Primary Active Transport: Na+/K+ Pump

Action Potential

An action potential is a rapid, temporary change in the membrane potential of a neuron, allowing it to transmit signals. It occurs when a threshold level of depolarization is reached, leading to the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels, followed by the opening of potassium channels to repolarize the membrane. The Na+/K+ pump helps restore the resting membrane potential after an action potential.
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Action Potential

Gated Channels

Gated channels are specialized protein structures in the cell membrane that open or close in response to specific stimuli, such as changes in voltage or the binding of a molecule. In the context of action potentials, voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels play a critical role in the rapid depolarization and repolarization phases, respectively, allowing for the propagation of electrical signals along neurons.
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Which of the following is not a method by which the effects of neurotransmitters are terminated?

a. Reuptake into the presynaptic neuron

b. Diffusion away from the synaptic cleft and uptake by glial cells

c. Movement back to the cell body by retrograde axonal transport

d. Degradation by enzymes in the synaptic cleft

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Domanda del libro di testo

A ________ is characterized by multiple input neurons synapsing on one postsynaptic neuron.

a. Diverging circuit

b. Discharge zone

c. Facilitation zone

d. Converging circuit

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Domanda del libro di testo

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

A depolarization is a change in membrane potential that makes the potential less negative.

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Domanda del libro di testo

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

A local potential is a change in membrane potential that conducts the long-distance signals of the nervous system.

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Domanda del libro di testo

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement if false, correct it to make a true statement.

Postsynaptic potentials may summate by spatial summation in which multiple neurons fire onto a single postsynaptic neuron.

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Domanda del libro di testo

The trigger for exocytosis of synaptic vesicles from the presynaptic neuron is:

a. Arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal and influx of calcium ions.

b. Summation of IPSPs at the presynaptic neuron.

c. Binding of neurotransmitters to the axon hillock.

d. Influx of Na+ into the postsynaptic neuron.

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