Explain how connective tissues differ from epithelial tissues in structure and function.

State whether each of the following describes epithelial, connective, muscle, or nervous tissue.

a. ____ECM is often the primary element. 

b. ____Consists of excitable cells that are specialized for contraction. 

c. ____Sheets of tightly packed cells with little ECM. 

d. ____Makes up the majority of the brain and spinal cord. 

e. ____Cells may be smooth or striated. 

f. ____Binds, connects, supports, and transports substances throughout the body.

Certain types of cancerous lung tumors can secrete hormones normally made by the pancreas, adrenal gland, and hypothalamus. What prevents such secretion from happening in healthy cells?

If you were to cut through epithelial tissue without penetrating the basement membrane, would you expect bleeding to occur? Why or why not?

Predict what would happen if the mucous membranes of the body stopped secreting mucus or if they secreted excess mucus.

Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of collagen. Predict the effect that a vitamin C deficiency (a disease called scurvy) would have on bone tissue, dense regular collagenous connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, and cartilage. What symptoms would you expect to see from this disease?

Explain why it would be difficult for a mature multinucleate cell such as a skeletal muscle fiber to divide by mitosis.

In the disease pulmonary fibrosis, elastic fibers of the lung are destroyed and replaced with collagen fibers. Predict the effect this would have on breathing.

Imagine that a disease turns the simple epithelia of the lungs, kidney tubules, and intestines into keratinized stratified squamous epithelia. What effect would this change in form have on the functions of these tissues?

In the disease scleroderma, excessive collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and glycoproteins are produced and deposited in tissues throughout the body. Predict the effects of this disease.

Predict which organelles are likely to be abundant in cells such as fibroblasts that actively produce and secrete proteins.

Epithelial cells of the kidneys have pumps that drive the transcellular transport of sodium ions.

Is this epithelium likely to be simple or stratified? Why?

Describe the roles of the following components of the ECM:

Collagen fibers

Describe the roles of the following components of the ECM:

Glycosaminoglycans

Describe the roles of the following components of the ECM:

Reticular fibers

Describe the roles of the following components of the ECM:

Proteoglycans

Describe the roles of the following components of the ECM:

Glycoproteins (cell-adhesion molecules)

Describe the roles of the following components of the ECM:

Elastic fibers

Tight junctions make the spaces between cells____, whereas desmosomes increase the ____ of a tissue.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Epithelial tissues are classified by cell shape and the number of cell layers.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Epithelial tissues function in protection, immune defenses, secretion, transport, and sensation.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Epithelial tissue is highly vascular.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

A goblet cell is a unicellular exocrine gland that secretes mucus.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Pseudostratified epithelium appears to be simple epithelium but is actually stratified.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Stratified epithelia are specialized to allow substances to cross their cells rapidly.

Match each type of epithelium with its correct location in the body. 

Simple squamous            

Pseudostratified columnar           

Keratinized stratified     ​​​​       

Simple columnar     ​​​​      

Transitional

Simple cuboidal 

a. Skin

b. Urinary bladder

c. Air sacs of the lungs, squamous blood vessels

d. Kidney tubules, thyroid gland

e. Respiratory passages, nasal cavity

f. Digestive tract

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Histology is the division of microscopic anatomy that studies the cellular level of organization.

Compare and contrast the following pairs of terms:

Endocrine gland and exocrine gland

Compare and contrast the following pairs of terms:

Unicellular gland and multicellular gland

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Keratinocytes begin life in the stratum corneum and gradually are pushed into the stratum basale.