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Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System
Amerman- Human Anatomy & Physiology 3e
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 12, Problema 17c

Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. 
The basal nuclei inhibit inappropriate movements and are required for the initiation of movement. 

Guida verificata passo dopo passo
1
Step 1: Understand the role of the basal nuclei in movement. The basal nuclei are clusters of neurons in the brain that play a critical role in regulating voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, and inhibiting inappropriate movements.
Step 2: Analyze the first part of the statement: 'The basal nuclei inhibit inappropriate movements.' This is true because the basal nuclei help suppress movements that are not suitable for the current context, ensuring smooth and purposeful motor activity.
Step 3: Evaluate the second part of the statement: 'The basal nuclei are required for the initiation of movement.' This is false. The basal nuclei do not directly initiate movement; instead, they modulate motor commands from the motor cortex and ensure proper execution of movements.
Step 4: Correct the false part of the statement. A true version would be: 'The basal nuclei inhibit inappropriate movements and play a role in modulating and refining motor activity, but they are not directly required for the initiation of movement.'
Step 5: Review the corrected statement and ensure it aligns with the physiological role of the basal nuclei in movement regulation.

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Basal Nuclei Function

The basal nuclei, a group of nuclei in the brain, play a crucial role in regulating voluntary motor control and movement initiation. They help inhibit unwanted movements and facilitate the execution of appropriate motor actions. Dysfunction in the basal nuclei can lead to movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, where initiation of movement is impaired.
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Basal Nuclei

Inhibition of Movement

Inhibition of movement refers to the brain's ability to suppress inappropriate or unwanted motor actions. This process is essential for smooth and coordinated movement, allowing individuals to focus on relevant tasks while preventing distractions from competing motor commands. The basal nuclei are integral to this inhibitory control, ensuring that only suitable movements are executed.
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Initiation of Movement

Initiation of movement is the process by which the brain signals the body to begin a physical action. This involves a complex interplay of various brain regions, including the basal nuclei, which help to start movements in response to internal or external cues. Proper initiation is vital for fluid motion and is often disrupted in neurological conditions, highlighting the importance of the basal nuclei in this function.
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1) Initiation of Translation
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The two components of the CNS that are responsible for maintenance of homeostasis are the ________ and the ________. 

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Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. 

The dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra enhance the actions of the caudate nucleus and putamen.

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Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. 

The cerebellum monitors the initiation of movement but does not monitor ongoing movements. 

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Match the term on the left with its correct description from the column on the right.     


____ REM sleep     

____ Stage I sleep     

____ Delta waves     

____ Beta waves     

____ Theta waves     

____ Stage IV sleep


a. The EEG pattern seen in the deepest stage of sleep

b. The deepest stage of sleep

c. The EEG pattern seen in an alert, awake adult

d. Drowsiness or the lightest stage of sleep

e. The EEG pattern seen in lighter stages of sleep

f. The stage of sleep during which most dreaming takes place

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Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. 

The correction of motor error by the cerebellum can occur over the long term by motor learning.

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Mark the following statements about the spinal cord as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The posterior horn of spinal gray matter contains the cell bodies of motor neurons.

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