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Ch. 22 The Digestive System
Amerman- Human Anatomy & Physiology 3e
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 22, Problema 3

Which of the following is/are absorbed in the small intestine by the Na+/glucose cotransporter?
a. Glucose
b. Galactose
c. Fructose
d. Both a and b are correct
e. All of the above are correct

Guida verificata passo dopo passo
1
Understand the role of the Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1): This transporter is located in the small intestine and is responsible for the active transport of glucose and galactose into the intestinal epithelial cells. It uses the sodium (Na+) gradient to drive the uptake of these sugars.
Recall the specificity of the Na+/glucose cotransporter: The SGLT1 transporter specifically transports glucose and galactose, but not fructose. Fructose is absorbed via a different transporter called GLUT5, which facilitates its passive transport.
Analyze the options provided: Option a refers to glucose, which is absorbed by the Na+/glucose cotransporter. Option b refers to galactose, which is also absorbed by the same transporter. Option c refers to fructose, which is not absorbed by this transporter. Option d suggests both glucose and galactose are correct, and option e suggests all three are correct.
Eliminate incorrect options: Since fructose is not absorbed by the Na+/glucose cotransporter, options c and e can be ruled out. This leaves options a, b, and d for further consideration.
Select the correct answer: Based on the specificity of the Na+/glucose cotransporter, both glucose and galactose (options a and b) are absorbed by this mechanism. Therefore, the correct answer is option d, 'Both a and b are correct.'

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Na+/glucose cotransporter

The Na+/glucose cotransporter is a membrane protein that facilitates the active transport of glucose and galactose into intestinal cells. It utilizes the sodium gradient established by the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, allowing glucose and galactose to be absorbed against their concentration gradient. This process is crucial for efficient nutrient uptake in the small intestine.
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Percorso guidato
06:57
Primary Active Transport: Na+/K+ Pump

Absorption in the small intestine

The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It has specialized structures, such as villi and microvilli, that increase surface area and enhance the absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Understanding the mechanisms of absorption, including transporters like the Na+/glucose cotransporter, is essential for comprehending how nutrients enter the bloodstream.
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Functions of the Small Intestine

Types of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates can be classified into simple sugars (monosaccharides) and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides). Monosaccharides like glucose, galactose, and fructose differ in their structure and absorption mechanisms. While glucose and galactose are absorbed via the Na+/glucose cotransporter, fructose is absorbed through a different transporter, highlighting the importance of understanding these distinctions in nutrient absorption.
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