Domanda del libro di testo
Decreased blood calcium level would result in increased:
(a) Secretion of calcitonin
(b) Secretion of PTH
(c) Elimination of calcium by the kidneys
(d) Osteoclast activity
(e) Excitability of neural membranes
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Ch. 18 The Endocrine System
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization30
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure36
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses16
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System20
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation29
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity31
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System12
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes32
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance23
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 18, Problema 22
A researcher observes that stimulation by a particular hormone induces a marked increase in the activity of G proteins in the target plasma membrane. The hormone being studied is probably:
(a) A steroid
(b) A peptide
(c) Testosterone
(d) Estrogen
(e) Aldosterone
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Understand the role of G proteins in cell signaling. G proteins are intracellular proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and they are typically activated by cell surface receptors known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These receptors respond to extracellular signals like hormones by activating G proteins.
Step 2: Identify which types of hormones commonly use G protein-coupled receptors for their signaling. Peptide hormones often bind to GPCRs on the plasma membrane, leading to activation of G proteins and subsequent intracellular signaling cascades.
Step 3: Recognize that steroid hormones (such as testosterone, estrogen, and aldosterone) generally do not activate G proteins directly. Instead, they typically diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors that act as transcription factors to regulate gene expression.
Step 4: Compare the hormone options given: (a) steroid hormones (testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone) versus (b) peptide hormones. Since the question states that the hormone induces increased G protein activity at the plasma membrane, the hormone is more likely to be a peptide hormone.
Step 5: Conclude that the hormone stimulating G protein activity is probably a peptide hormone, as peptide hormones commonly use GPCRs and G proteins for signal transduction.
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G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)
GPCRs are membrane receptors that activate G proteins upon binding to specific ligands like hormones. This activation triggers intracellular signaling cascades. Hormones that act through GPCRs typically include peptides and some amines, leading to rapid cellular responses.
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9:36
G Protein-Coupled Receptors
Steroid Hormone Signaling
Steroid hormones, such as testosterone, estrogen, and aldosterone, usually pass through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors. Their signaling does not typically involve G proteins but rather direct regulation of gene transcription in the nucleus.
Video consigliato:
5:13Actions of Steroid Hormones
Hormone Types and Their Mechanisms
Hormones are classified by their chemical nature: peptides (water-soluble) often bind to surface receptors activating G proteins, while steroids (lipid-soluble) enter cells to modulate gene expression. Understanding these differences helps identify which hormone likely activates G proteins.
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13:06Review of Major Hormones
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