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Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization
Martini - Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology 11th Edition
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoMartini, Nath, Bartholomew 11th EditionCh. 3 The Cellular Level of OrganizationProblema 7
Capitolo 3, Problema 7

The synthesis of a functional polypeptide using the information in an mRNA strand is
(a) Translation
(b) Transcription
(c) Replication
(d) Gene activation

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1
Understand the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
Recall that transcription is the process where DNA is used as a template to synthesize messenger RNA (mRNA).
Recognize that translation is the process where the information in the mRNA strand is used to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain (protein).
Identify that replication refers to the copying of DNA to produce identical DNA molecules, not protein synthesis.
Conclude that the synthesis of a functional polypeptide from mRNA is called translation.

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Translation

Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide or protein. It occurs in the ribosome, where tRNA molecules bring amino acids that are linked together in the order specified by the mRNA sequence.
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06:12
Introduction to Translation

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of an RNA strand from a DNA template. During this process, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA, which then carries the genetic information needed for protein synthesis.
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04:16
1) Initiation of Transcription

Replication

Replication is the process of copying the entire DNA molecule to produce two identical DNA strands. This is essential for cell division but does not involve the synthesis of proteins or polypeptides.
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04:
Replication Forks
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The movement of water across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration is known as

(a) Osmosis

(b) Active transport

(c) Diffusion

(d) Facilitated transport

(e) Filtration

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Domanda del libro di testo

____ ion concentration is high in extracellular fluids, and____ion concentration is high in the cytoplasm.

(a) Calcium; magnesium

(b) Chloride; sodium

(c) Potassium; sodium

(d) Sodium; potassium

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Domanda del libro di testo

At resting membrane potential, the cytoplasmic side of the membrane surface of the cell is___, and the cell extracellular membrane surface is___.

(a) slightly negative; slightly positive

(b) slightly positive; slightly negative

(c) slightly positive; neutral

(d) slightly negative; neutral

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Domanda del libro di testo

The organelle responsible for a variety of functions centering on the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates is

(a) The Golgi apparatus

(b) The rough endoplasmic reticulum

(c) The smooth endoplasmic reticulum

(d) Mitochondria

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Domanda del libro di testo

The interphase of the cell life cycle is divided into

(a) Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

(b) G0, G1, S, and G2

(c) Mitosis and cytokinesis

(d) All of these

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Domanda del libro di testo

Our somatic cell nuclei contain___pairs of chromosomes.

(a) 8

(b) 16

(c) 23

(d) 46

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