Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and lipids moving laterally within a flexible phospholipid bilayer.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which term best describes the solution, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic; the process is osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following molecules would most easily cross a pure phospholipid bilayer without the help of a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about membrane fluidity is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol decreases membrane fluidity at high temperatures and increases it at low temperatures.

Question 5

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and what term describes its condition?

Accepted Answer

It will become flaccid and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and couples exergonic and endergonic reactions.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP + H_2O \rightarrow ADP + P_i + energy}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of allosteric regulation of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A molecule binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and activity.

Question 9

During cellular respiration, what is the primary role of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

To accept electrons at the end of the electron transport chain, forming water.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient and ATP synthase.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Citric Acid Cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron Transport Chain

Question 12

Which of the following statements about fermentation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation regenerates NAD$$^+ so $$glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why C4 and CAM plants are better adapted to hot, dry environments than C3 plants?

Accepted Answer

They use PEP carboxylase, which has a higher affinity for $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$ and minimizes photorespiration.

Question 14

Which structure in the chloroplast is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct overall equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of Rubisco in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the fixation of $$\mathrm{CO_2$} to $$RuBP.

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of aquaporins in kidney cells. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The patient would have difficulty reabsorbing water, leading to excessive urination.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are consumed during the reaction.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of chemiosmosis in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

The movement of protons down their gradient through ATP synthase to generate ATP.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of energy coupling in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The exergonic hydrolysis of ATP drives an endergonic reaction such as the synthesis of glutamine.

BIO 121 Exam 2 Study Guide: Membrane Structure, Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis

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