Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary structural component of the plant cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose microfibrils

Question 2

What is the main function of pectin in the plant cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell wall moisture

Question 3

Which equation best represents the osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$that plant cells must counteract with their cell wall?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iCRT$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a major fibrous component of the animal extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 5

A mutation in the gene encoding integrin proteins would most likely affect which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of ECM to the plasma membrane

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why tight junctions are important in the epithelial cells of the gut?

Accepted Answer

They form a watertight seal to prevent leakage of substances.

Question 7

Desmosomes are reinforced by which cytoskeletal element?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 8

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of desmosomes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining the integrity of skin tissue under mechanical stress

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of structure and function in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Laminins – cross-link ECM to plasma membrane

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the production of proteoglycans. Which tissue is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of cadherins in cell-cell attachment?

Accepted Answer

They are linking proteins in desmosomes.

Question 12

If the tight junctions in the small intestine were disrupted, what would be the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased leakage of digestive enzymes into surrounding tissues

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plant cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring the cytoskeleton to the ECM

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the ECM in animal cells is described as a 'fiber composite'?

Accepted Answer

It contains both fibrous proteins and a ground substance.

Question 15

A researcher observes that certain cells can open and close their tight junctions in response to environmental changes. Which tissue is this most likely to occur in?

Accepted Answer

Blood vessels

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between integrins and the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Integrins anchor the cytoskeleton to the ECM.

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely result from a defect in desmosome formation?

Accepted Answer

Tissues would become more susceptible to mechanical stress.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the ground substance of the ECM is described as having a 'rubber-like' consistency?

Accepted Answer

It contains proteoglycans with many attached polysaccharides.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

Preventing the leakage of urine from the bladder

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between the plant cell wall and the animal ECM?

Accepted Answer

The plant cell wall is composed mainly of cellulose, while the animal ECM is composed mainly of collagen.

Cell-Cell Interactions: Structure and Function of Extracellular Layers

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