Q: Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best summarizes the unified cell theory as proposed by Schleiden and Schwann?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of one or more cells, and all cells arise from preexisting cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a single circular chromosome, no internal membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall containing peptidoglycan. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 4

Why is compartmentalization important in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It increases the efficiency of chemical reactions by grouping enzymes and separating incompatible processes.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for the majority of ATP production in eukaryotic cells, and what is the main process that occurs there?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria; oxidative phosphorylation

Question 6

A mutation prevents the addition of phosphate to mannose residues in the Golgi apparatus. Which disease is most likely to result, and what is the cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

I-cell disease; lysosomal enzymes are secreted outside the cell instead of being delivered to lysosomes.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 8

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 9

A cell is observed to have a large number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 10

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for muscle contraction and cell movement via pseudopodia?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

Question 11

Which process describes the uptake of large particles, such as bacteria, by a cell through the formation of a vesicle?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 12

A liver cell is observed to have a high number of peroxisomes. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

The cell is involved in detoxification of hydrogen peroxide and ethanol.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize functions, increasing efficiency.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 15

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium. Which sequence of organelles and processes will most likely be involved in digesting the bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Phagosome formation → fusion with lysosome → enzymatic digestion

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered semi-autonomous organelles?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and can divide independently within the cell.

Question 18

Which cytoskeletal element is most directly involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 19

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional nuclear pore complexes. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of RNA and proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in biological systems, as emphasized by the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

The structure of a cell or organelle determines its function.

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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