Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best summarizes the modern cell theory as established by Schwann and Virchow?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, and all cells arise only from preexisting cells.

Question 2

Which microscopy technique would be most appropriate for observing the three-dimensional surface structure of a pollen grain at high resolution?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Question 3

A scientist wants to separate proteins from a cell extract based on their size and charge. Which combination of techniques would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Chromatography and electrophoresis

Question 4

Which of the following units would be most appropriate for measuring the diameter of a ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Nanometer (nm)

Question 5

Which historical experiment first demonstrated that a compound made in a living organism could be synthesized in the laboratory, challenging the idea of 'vitalism'?

Accepted Answer

Fredrich Wöhler’s synthesis of urea

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 7

A researcher uses a fluorescent antibody to detect the presence of a specific protein in a living cell. Which microscopy technique is being used?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence microscopy

Question 8

Which of the following statements about CRISPR genome editing is correct?

Accepted Answer

A guide RNA directs the Cas9 protein to a specific DNA sequence, where a double-stranded break is introduced.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a reason why model organisms are used in cell biology research?

Accepted Answer

They are always genetically identical to humans.

Question 10

A scientist is designing an experiment to test the effect of a new drug on cell division. Which variable should be kept constant to ensure a well-controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

Temperature of the cell culture

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the resolving power of an electron microscope is greater than that of a light microscope?

Accepted Answer

Electrons have a much shorter wavelength than visible light.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a '–omics' field with its focus?

Accepted Answer

Proteomics – study of all proteins in a cell

Question 13

Which of the following statements about scientific 'facts' is most accurate according to the philosophy of science?

Accepted Answer

Scientific facts are provisional and may change with new evidence.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of subcellular fractionation?

Accepted Answer

Using centrifugation to separate cellular components based on size and density

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world application of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Producing human insulin in bacteria for diabetes treatment

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

tRNA brings the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome during translation.

Question 17

A scientist is using mass spectrometry in a research project. What is the primary purpose of this technique?

Accepted Answer

To determine the size and composition of individual proteins

Question 18

Which of the following is an exception to the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Viruses with RNA genomes that use reverse transcriptase

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the creation of recombinant molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about in vivo and in vitro experiments is correct?

Accepted Answer

In vivo experiments are performed in living organisms, while in vitro experiments are performed outside living organisms.

Chapter 1: A Preview of Cell Biology – Foundations, Methods, and Modern Approaches

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard