$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They must be able to photosynthesize.

Question 2

Which experiment provided strong evidence against the idea of spontaneous generation and supported the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a direct result of differences in the genetic sequence of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Variation in protein structure and function

Question 5

Which of the following statements about natural selection is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection acts on individuals, but evolutionary change occurs in populations.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A heritable trait that increases an individual’s fitness in a specific environment

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines phenotype through the production of proteins.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a domain of life according to the Tree of Life?

Accepted Answer

Protista

Question 9

What is the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 10

Which of the following base pairs is found in DNA but NOT in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine–Thymine

Question 11

A scientist is comparing the DNA sequences of three species. Which tool would best help her visualize their evolutionary relationships?

Accepted Answer

A phylogenetic tree

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why ATP is essential for life?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes such as DNA replication and protein synthesis.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of evidence-based decision making in biology?

Accepted Answer

Designing an experiment to test a hypothesis about giraffe feeding behavior

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name for humans?

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the process of science is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Data that contradicts a hypothesis should be ignored.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 17

Which of the following is the best definition of fitness in the context of evolution?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an individual to produce viable offspring

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of DNA bases?

Accepted Answer

Adenine–Thymine

Question 19

Which of the following is the best example of a heritable trait that could be subject to natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Beak size in Galapagos finches

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

LUCA is the most recent organism from which all organisms now living on Earth descend.

Chapter 1: Biology – The Study of Life

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