Question 1

Which of the following best explains why plant leaves are typically flattened structures?

Accepted Answer

To maximize the surface area to volume ratio, increasing light absorption for photosynthesis.

Question 2

A plant cell is placed in pure water. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell due to a higher water potential outside, causing the cell to become turgid.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the rate of diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$F = kA \frac{\Delta c}{d}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the root cap in plants?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the growing tip of the root and perceiving gravity.

Question 5

A plant growing in salty soil must adapt to maintain water uptake. Which adaptation would most likely help?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the solute concentration in root cells to lower their water potential.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the Casparian strip in plant roots?

Accepted Answer

It blocks apoplastic transport, forcing water and solutes to pass through the cytoplasm of endodermal cells.

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the movement of sugars from sources to sinks in plants?

Accepted Answer

Translocation via the pressure-flow model.

Question 8

Which of the following is a micronutrient required by plants, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Iron (Fe): Component of cytochromes and necessary for chlorophyll synthesis.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about secondary growth in plants is correct?

Accepted Answer

The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem.

Question 10

A plant is showing chlorosis (yellowing) between the veins of young leaves. Which nutrient is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Iron (Fe)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of leghemoglobin in nitrogen-fixing root nodules?

Accepted Answer

It binds oxygen, keeping O$$_2$$ concentrations low to protect nitrogenase.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plant vacuole?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for export from the cell.

Question 13

Which of the following adaptations would you expect to find in a desert plant to reduce water loss?

Accepted Answer

Sunken stomata and thick cuticle.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary growth in plants?

Accepted Answer

Primary growth increases length; secondary growth increases girth.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the movement of water in plants?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from areas of high water potential to areas of low water potential.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of sieve tube elements in phloem?

Accepted Answer

They transport sugars and other organic molecules from sources to sinks.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why plants grown in nitrogen-poor soil often show stunted growth and yellowing leaves?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen is a component of proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll, all essential for growth.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of plant nutrition and crop rotation?

Accepted Answer

Planting legumes like peanuts in rotation with cotton restores nitrogen to depleted soils.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of trichomes on plant surfaces?

Accepted Answer

They reduce water loss and protect against herbivores.

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of a low surface area to volume ratio in large plants?

Accepted Answer

Reduced diffusion rate per unit volume, making it harder for substances to reach the center of the organism.

Transport Across Membranes, Plant Structure, and Nutrition: General Biology Study Notes

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