Domanda del libro di testo
Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme?
a. AAGG TTCC
b. GGCC CCGG
c. ACCA TGGT
d. AAAA TTTT
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Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle11
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance6
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology7
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth8
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life8
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea6
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants6
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development10
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition11
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System5
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction9
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology9
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Capitolo 20, Problema 6
Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of
a. Post-transcriptional processing.
b. Post-translational processing.
c. Nucleic acid hybridization.
d. Restriction fragment ligation.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand that eukaryotic genes often contain introns, which are non-coding sequences that need to be removed during post-transcriptional processing to produce mature mRNA.
Recognize that bacterial cells do not have the machinery to remove introns because they do not perform post-transcriptional processing like eukaryotic cells.
To express a eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell, scientists use mature mRNA, which is already processed and free of introns, as a template.
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that synthesizes complementary DNA (cDNA) from the mature mRNA template. This cDNA is free of introns and can be inserted into bacterial cells.
By using cDNA, the bacterial cell can transcribe and translate the gene without the need for post-transcriptional processing, thus solving the problem of intron removal.
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Post-transcriptional processing
Post-transcriptional processing in eukaryotes involves modifications to pre-mRNA, including splicing, capping, and polyadenylation, to produce mature mRNA. This process is crucial because bacterial cells lack the machinery to perform these modifications. Using mRNA and reverse transcriptase allows the creation of cDNA, which bypasses the need for these eukaryotic-specific processes, enabling expression in bacteria.
Video consigliato:
01:56
Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation
Reverse transcriptase
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that synthesizes complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template. This enzyme is essential in cloning eukaryotic genes into bacteria because it allows the conversion of processed mRNA into cDNA, which can be inserted into bacterial plasmids. This process circumvents the need for eukaryotic post-transcriptional modifications, facilitating gene expression in prokaryotic systems.
Video consigliato:
04:161) Initiation of Transcription
Cloning in bacterial cells
Cloning a eukaryotic gene in bacterial cells involves inserting the gene into a bacterial plasmid, which can replicate independently within the host cell. This process requires overcoming differences in gene expression mechanisms between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, such as the absence of intron splicing in bacteria. Using cDNA derived from mRNA ensures that only the coding sequences are cloned, allowing for successful expression in bacterial systems.
Video consigliato:
03:41Cloning with Recombinant DNA
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
Which of the following is true of cDNA produced using human brain tissue as the starting material?
a. The procedure to make it requires amplification by the polymerase chain reaction.
b. It is produced from pre-mRNA using reverse transcriptase.
c. It can be labeled and used as a probe to detect genes expressed in the brain.
d. It includes the introns of the pre-mRNA.
1166
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Domanda del libro di testo
Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because
a. Plant genes do not contain introns.
b. More vectors are available for transferring recombinant DNA into plant cells.
c. A somatic plant cell can often give rise to a complete plant.
d. Plant cells have larger nuclei.
2112
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Domanda del libro di testo
A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct dodo (a bird). To compare a specific region of the DNA from a sample with DNA from living birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for testing?
a. SNP analysis
b. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
c. Electroporation
d. Gel electrophoresis
1712
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